Przeglądanie według Temat "weapon"

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Decision as a legal form of issuing a weapon license for a Police officer
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Ura, Paulina
The legal form of the administration’s operation is the type of specific activity specified by law, which may be used by the administrative body to settle a specific matter. It is equivalent to the concept of legal action under civil law. One form of administration is the issuing of administrative acts, and the most common and typical form of an administrative act is an administrative decision. This legal form is the issuing or refusal of issuing a weapon license to a police officer.
Prehistoric cultures of warriors or warriors of prehistoric cultures?
(Idōkan Poland Association, 2013) Czopek, Sylwester
The article primarily aims at answering the question about the presence of warriors in prehistoric cultures of Central Europe. The author studies this issue on the basis of archaeological sources (material evidence of the existence of the cultures). He also uses written sources from the late antiquity. He concludes that prehistoric weapons are of crucial importance and their interpretation depends mainly on the contexts they are found in. What is also significant is the quality and quantity of particular types of armament. There are many arguments in support of the thesis concerning prevalence of symbols and meanings of e.g. the sword. In a synthetic sense, we can talk about two basic models: presence of a culture of warriors (referring mostly to the nomads) or just knowledge of war craft (referring to settled, farming communities).
The Diversity of Weaponry in La Tene Culture Burials in Poland and Comments on the Non-burial Find of a Celtic Sword in Rzeszów
(the Authors, 2021) Kieca, Piotr
The purpose of this work is to create a comprehensive summary of arms originating from Celtic warrior graves in Poland. The largest number of artefacts comes from La Tene culture cemeteries from Lower Silesia, in Sobocisko and Głownin. Individual warrior graves came from Podgaj, Smolec and Wiązow. Other examples of weaponry were found in the Kietrz cemetery in Upper Silesia, with Lesser Poland warrior graves from Iwanowice, Aleksandrowice, and Krakow-Witkowice. From Lesser Poland we also know of alleged graves from Krakow-Pleszow and Krakow-Wyciąże. Some comments about the non-burial find of a Celtic sword from Rzeszow will also be given. A fresh consideration of the source material has corrected the earlier interpretation and reinterpreted some aspects. A new detailed chronology will also be proposed. It will also present a very broad area of connections of Celts residing in Poland.
Weapon and the military of the population of the West Podolian group of the Early Scythian culture in the light of sepulchral sources
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie; Instytut Archeologii UR; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; Oficyna Wydawnicza „Zimowit”, 2015) Burghardt, Marcin
The article has discussed the issue of weapon and the military of the population of the West Podolian group of the Early Scythian culture. The image, obtained on the basis of 49 burials with weapon does not differ from other communities of the forest-steppe variant of the Scythian culture. The common element for the entire amount of burials with weapon is their almost exclusive relationship with male graves. The most numerous kind of weapon was a bow with arrows (89.9% of burials with weapon of the West Podolian group of the Early Scythian culture). Regarding the wealthy military burials, the arrows were also accompanied by other categories of offensive weapons – spears (22.4%), blunt weapon (hammeraxes and battle-axes) (16.3%) and cutting weapon (10.2%). The richest warriors, including the members of local elites, apart from a few-item sets of weapon they were equipped with scale armour finished with metal plates at the edge (14%). Moreover, there were the elements of the horse harness in every fifth burial with weapon. This points to a slightly lesser role of cavalry than it was in the case of the other groups of the forest-steppe variant of the Scythian culture. The presence of a few-item sets of offensive weapons and armour in the graves indicates the presence of professional warriors, so-called „troopers” (18% of burials with weapon) in the Middle Dniester group. These warriors were part of military bands (troops), headed by the members of the local upper class (elites) (6%). The remaining military forces were warriors coming from the lower social strata.
Wyznaczniki płci w grobach ludności grup leśnostepowych kultury scytyjskiej
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2016) Burghardt, Marcin
In the present article, based on the analysis of 120 burial complexes discovered in the forest-steppe zone of the middle Dnieper basin and the middle Don basin and dated from the second half of the sixth century to the fourth/ third century BC (for which anthropological determinants of sex were available), a series of 21 items was distinguished with the determinants of male or female sex. In addition, based on a comparative analysis taking into account also the burials with determined sex by the researchers based on the grave goods accompanying the dead (110 burials), it demonstrated the legitimacy of functioning in the literature the views on the sex determinants. Analyzing the co-existence of different types of sex determinants in male and female graves, it was found that the former ones are characterized mainly by the presence of sets of weapons combined with the lack of ornaments or spindle whorls (specific to women), mirrors and other toilet items. Moreover, the male sex of the deceased was also marked by means of the presence of blade and blunt weapon, elements of body armour, parts of the horse tack, whips, bronze cauldrons, clamps and straps, flint flakes in the grave. Whereas, as for the graves of women, despite the presence of items related to sewing (needles and spindle whorls) and toilet (mirrors, stone tiles and pieces of dyes), the occurrence of sets of ornaments or some individual types (earrings occurring in pairs, necklaces with gold elements, rings, pins) is also characteristic in their inventories. These items are found in both the graves with weaponry, where there are at least two-element sets, as well as elsewhere. In the last case, female sex may be testified by the present of one determinant of this sex in the grave.