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ILE BEZROBOTNEGO JEST W BEZROBOTNYM? PRAWNO-SOCJOLOGICZNA ANALIZA POJĘCIA BEZROBOTNEGO W PRZEPISACH POLSKIEGO PRAWA
(2014-06-20) Moczuk, Eugeniusz; Bajda, Karol; Zdeb, Natalia
Bezrobocie w Polsce jest poważnym problemem społecznym. Od roku 1989 w kraju uchwalono wiele ustaw, których przedmiotem było bezrobocie. Jednak wraz z upływem czasu zmienianonie tylko zakres funkcjonowania ustaw, ale także zmieniano pojęcie bezrobotnego, przechodząc od określenia w miarę prostego do bardzo rozbudowanego i skomplikowanego. Istotne jest to, że określenie bezrobotnego konstruowano poprzez zwiększenie wyłączeń powodujących niemożność uznania danej osoby za bezrobotną. Ważną kwestią jest także to, że w tym czasie zmieniały się tytuły ustaw związanych z bezrobociem. Pojawiły się takie określenia, jak „zatrudnienie”, „bezro-bocie”, „przeciwdziałanie bezrobociu”, „promocja zatrudnienia”, „instytucje rynku pracy”, jednak faktycznym celem ustaw było uporanie się z problemem bezrobocia, łagodzenie jego skutków, a także uporządkowanie pracy instytucji zajmujących się bezrobotnymi, a nie faktyczna pomoc bezrobotnym. Unemployment in Poland is a serious social problem. Since 1989 in the state there has been passed many acts, the subject of which was unemployment. However, with lapse of time not only the scope of functioning of acts was changed but also the notion of an unemployed was altered, passing from a simple designation in a certain degree to a very developed and complicated desig-nation. It is essential that the notion of an unemployed was constructed by increase of exclusions causing impossibility of recognising a given person as unemployed. An important issue is also that fact that during this time tiles of act connected with unemployment were changed. There appeared such designations as „employment”, „unemployment”, „counteracting unemployment”, „promo-tion of employment”, „institutions of the labour market”, however, an actual goal of the acts was settling the problem of unemployment, toning down effects of unemployment, as well as arrange-ment of labour of institutions dealing with unemployed, but not real assistance to the unemployed
Labour efficiency in Belarus within the framework of achieving sustainable development goals
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kolesnikova, Irina I.
The labour market in the Republic of Belarus has been recently developing the conditions which have witnessed a constant decrease in the number of people employed in the economy due to the transformation of the population structure. Among the factors that impede the effective development of the regions, uneven territorial distribution of labour potential was revealed. It leads to labour redundancy in some regions and a shortage of personnel in others. The main goal of the study is to investigate the influence of selected factors on labour market indicators in the Republic of Belarus in 2013–2018. The indicators under research characterise standard of living, unemployment, rationality of personnel policy, employment efficiency, labour productivity and others. Thus, it is possible to assess the efficiency of labour potential management in the framework of achieving sustainable development goals. As a research tool, statistical methods were used, including the method of comparisons, the multivariate index models, correlation and regression analysis. The solution to the problem of territorial inequality in the labour market can be found through a number of measures that are aimed at: stimulating labour mobility of citizens; creation of new attractive jobs in labour-intensive areas; assistance in employment and housing; organization of training for the unemployed in professions that are in demand on the regional labour market; simplification of starting business procedures, etc. To ensure sustainable development in the face of a decrease in the number of employees, as well as a decrease in the share of workers, this tendency must be correlated with the processes of improving labour methods and techniques, modernizing production, introducing new equipment and resource-saving technologies, automating production processes to ensure increased labour productivity and reduced excess employment.