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Pozycja Alleged cases of syphilis immortalized in the Krakow Altarpiece by Veit Stoss in the light of new research on the origins of the disease in Europe(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Grzegorczyk, Wiesław; Grzegorczyk, Joanna; Grzegorczyk, KrzysztofSyphilis is believed to occur in Europe as early as at the end of the fifteenth century when it was carried to Europe from America by Columbus’ sailors in 1493 (“Columbian” theory). In the nineteenth century this theory was questioned; reference was made to historical sources, pointing to the presence of syphilis in the Old World before Columbus (“pre-Columbian” theory). In 1933 a book was published by a Polish venereologist, professor Franciszek Walter on “dermatological details” of St. Mary’s Altar in Krakow by Veit Stoss. The author drew attention to the characters carved in the altar, which can show symptoms of late congenital syphilis (including saddle nose). Stoss’s work was completed in 1489, that is four years before the first Columbus expedition returned to Europe. If Walter’s hypothesis was true, syphilis would have existed in Europe before the discovery of America. In Krakow even older historical sights, mostly sculptures, can be found Prawwhich may suggest syphilis in the presented figures. Possible symptoms of syphilis seen in medieval works of art should be differentiated from other diseases, especially leprosy. Modern studies based on modern experimental methods (paleopathological, archaeological, phylogenetic) have not given yet definitive settlement of the dispute between supporters of two main theories of the origin of syphilis in Europe.Pozycja „Parthenopea lues”, czyli o ostatecznym rozstaniu z Lidią. Glosa do elegii III 17 Jana Kochanowskiego(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Rusnak, RadosławThe author gathers and scrutinizes the cases in which Jan Kochanowski, the most prominent poet of the Polish Renaissance, mentions Naples or Campania, one of his destinations while travelling through Italy in 1555. One of the designations in question appears to be „Parthenopea lues” from his Latin elegy III 17, a periphrastic term for syphilis, a disastrous veneral disease which truly decimated the population of then Europeans. It’s mentioned as part of a long tirade against a woman who, according to the poet’s wishes, is going to pay high price for her wrongdoings, especially those against love. The ultimate punishment she will suffer, right before immersing herself in the abyss of Tartarus, will be, devastating for her health, „morbus gallicus”. The paper ponders on the right identification of the female protagonist of the elegy, taking into consideration the existing theories about it as well as comments on a peculiar name syphilis was given by the poet and the medical knowledge he shares with a reader.