Przeglądanie według Temat "sarcoidosis"

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Cytopathological diagnoses obtained in endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration – a single-center one-year analysis
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Zając, Paweł; Kądziołka, Wojciech; Kaznowska, Ewa
Introduction and aim. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) is a widely adopted technique that replaces mediastinoscopy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions, significantly improving patient safety. This study assesses its diagnostic effectiveness and compares procedural quality with the existing literature, in order to identify characteristics of the patient population referred to the center. Material and methods. During a year-long retrospective analysis, data from 312 EBUS-FNA procedures were collected, resulting in a final study group of 274 patients. For patients initially without a definitive diagnosis, reinterventions were conducted, typically with additional EBUS or tissue biopsy, followed by precise statistical analyses and calculations. Results. The sensitivity of the EBUS examination to detect sarcoidosis, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lymphoproliferative disorders was determined to be 87.36%, 87.23%, 91.30% and 20%, respectively, based on false negative findings. Among patients who received a final diagnosis (n=237), a significant majority, i.e. 206 individuals or 86.92%, obtained it based on the first intervention. Conclusion. EBUS-TBNA is an effective method to diagnose the cause of mediastinal lymphadenopathy, allowing for a definitive diagnosis in a significant majority of patients in the first intervention and showing high sensitivity in detecting metastatic malignant lymph node involvement and sarcoidosis.
The role of vitamin D and its supplementation in sarcoidosis – current status
(Rzeszów University Press, 2025-06) Bieda, Anna; Kondracka, Monika; Bielecki, Michał; Zapałowska, Agata; Kondracki, Kamil; Szczepańska, Milena; Kozłowski, Wojciech
Introduction and aim. Sarcoidosis is a chronic autoimmune-related inflammatory disease characterized by non-caseating granuloma formation. The macrophages accumulating in granulomas express increased 1alpha hydroxylase activity. Increased extrarenal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis can lead to hypercalcemia and its complications. However, 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are virtually universal among sarcoidosis patients. The aim of this study was to explain the complex role of vitamin D and to its metabolites and discuss the possible benefits and risks associated with the administration of exogenous vitamin D to patients with sarcoidosis. Material and methods. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for reviews about The role of vitamin D and its supplementation in sarcoidosis. The authors have analyzed a total of 107 full-text articles published between January 2000 and November 2024, with additional articles identified by bibliography analysis. Analysis of literature. The potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation in sarcoidosis are promising in terms of reducing the inflammatory response, counteracting disease progression, reducing bone fracture risk, and minimizing the pharmacotherapy needed for disease control. However, the risk of hypercalcemia should not be neglected. Conclusion. Despite the increased risk of hypercalcemia, vitamin D supplementation in patients with sarcoidosis should be considered. Each patient’s benefits-to-risks ratio of vitamin D supplementation should be assessed individually and the inter vention should be closely monitored both before and during implementation.