Przeglądanie według Temat "income distribution"

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‘Capital’ Accumulation, Economic Growth and Income Distribution: Different Theories and 20th and 21st Century Evidence
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Valente, Riccardo
In present article both different theoretical approaches to linkages between income distribution, capital accumulation and economic growth and an introductory analysis of those variables evolution during 20th and 21st century in main market economies were presented. In first section „mainstream” approach to income distribution and capital accumulation was analysed, pointing out that according to this school of thought a positive linkage between high income inequalities, high capital accumulation and high economic growth can be expected to exist. Second section considered heterodox arguments contesting various „mainstream” arguments based on the role of capital (or investment and saving) supply and demand functions. It was, then, pointed out that, in an integrated Keynesain-Classical approach, rather a positive linkage between low income inequalities, high capital accumulation and high economic growth can be expected to exist. Third section presented data about income inequalities, capital accumulation and economic growth evolution in France, Germany, United Kingdom and United States in the period 1900–2010. Basing on data it was possible to point out that low income inequalities registered in the 1950–1979 period were paralleled by high capital accumulation and economic growth. Higher income inequalities registered in the 1900–1949 and 1980–2010 periods coupled, instead, with lower capital accumulation and economic growth. Heterodox authors’ reasoning was, then, argued to be more in line with 20th and 21st century experience. In the conclusions, integrated inquiry of income distribution, capital accumulation and economic growth linkages and parallel evolution was, thus, argued to be a very fruitful and particularly open to debate field for future researches.
Household income inequality in Poland between 2005 and 2019: A decomposition of the Gini coefficient by income sources
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2022) Graca-Gelert, Patrycja
The aim of this paper is the empirical analysis of the Gini coefficient decomposition by income sources in Poland between 2005 and 2013. The decomposition was used to assess the contribution of income components to the overall income inequality in Poland. The empirical analysis was based on non-identifiable, individual household budget survey data collected by the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The method of decomposition by income components applied in this study was the approach of Lerman and Yitzhaki (1985). The study revealed that employment income contributed to the greatest extent to overall income inequality in Poland during the analysis period. At the same time, this income source showed a significant increase in explaining inequality, reaching almost 64% in 2019. Apart from employment, among all of the income sources analysed, only the contribution of social security benefits to income disparities changed significantly, dropping from almost 19% in 2005 to 7% in 2019. Income from self-employment explained about 15% of inequality in Poland throughout the analysed period. The contribution of the rest of income sources to income inequality was also relatively stable, though less significant. The only income category that contributed negatively to inequality was the other social benefits component. The largest impact of a marginal change in income components on overall inequality was due to income from employment (positive effect) and social security benefits (negative effect). A negative impact of a marginal change in specific income sources on inequality was observed in the case of social security benefits, other social benefits, and other income.
Knowledge-based economy: wealth owners portfolio choices and financialisation. A wealth supply analysis
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Valente, Riccardo
Based on a data and literature analysis as well as autonomous theoretical reasoning and argumentation by the author, the present article discusses the relevance of financialisation and portfolio choice changes under the present phase of development of modern economies. Relying upon the earlier studies by the author which stress that knowledge-based economy can be characterised as a low profitability of investment in physical capital, higher income inequalities, lower physical capital and economic growth rate phase of the development of economic systems, the present work provides variously conceived arguments to support the idea that significant portfolio choice changes by wealth owners are a relevant feature of knowledge-based economy. Some of the implications of the economic theory of the availability of assets other than physical capital and other assets more connected with production needs were thus discussed, pointing out that this leads mainly to the negation of the necessary arrival of mainstream counterbalance mechanisms which support the affirmation of higher physical capital accumulation when higher income inequalities are recorded.
Redystrybucja dochodu i jej skutki długo- i krótkookresowe według teorii alternatywnych do paradygmatu neoklasycznego. Próba odwrócenia tradycyjnego podejścia do nierówności społecznych
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Valente, Riccardo
W pracy zostały poddane analizie i przedstawione argumenty, które, na podstawie Teorii J.M. Keynesa i innych koncepcji teoretycznych, alternatywnych do głównego nurtu, mogłyby prowadzić do odwrócenia i odrzucenia tradycyjnego podejścia do zmniejszenia nierówności społecznych i do kwestii dystrybucji i redystrybucji dochodu, popieranego w teorii neoklasycznej. Pod uwagę wzięte zostaną, w pierwszej kolejności, teoria efektywnego popytu Keynesa oraz jej implikacje pod względem podejścia do dystrybucji i zmniejszenia nierówności społecznych. W drugiej części tego artykułu, są kolejno brane pod uwagę limity i krytyki, które można odnosić zarówno do sposobu formułowania krzywej krańcowej efektywności kapitału Keynesa, jak i do neoklasycznej teorii dystrybucji dochodu. W świetle faktu, że w obecności heterogenicznych dóbr kapitałowych mierzonych w wartości występuje zjawisko, tzw. reswitching, udowodnione zostanie zatem, że neoklasyczna teoria produkcji i dystrybucji oraz konkluzje wyciągnięte na jej podstawie są całkowicie błędne i bezpodstawne. W trzeciej i ostatniej części tej pracy przedstawiona została próba rozszerzenia teorii Keynesa do długiego okresu oraz próba reprezentacji tej ekstensji w postaci modelu, które, samodzielnie opracowane przez autora opracowania, podkreślają pozytywny wpływ, jaki redystrybucja dochodu i zmniejszenie nierówności społecznych mogą mieć w długim okresie zarówno na akumulację kapitału, na poziom dochodu potencjalnego, jak i na wzrost gospodarczy.
The economic situation of households in Poland and the Czech Republic. Comparative analysis
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2022-12) Ćwiek, Małgorzata; Trzcińska, Kamila
Income distribution can cause large-scale transformations in social structure, as well as in the quality of life. The aim of the paper is to compare the economic situation of households in Poland and the Czech Republic. The level and the dispersion of income distributions of households and the level of poverty due to the selected socio-economic characteristics of a respondent or a household are analysed. All the conclusions are based on the results of European Quality of Life Surveys. To describe the distribution of net equivalent income, the Singh-Maddala model is used. The estimation parameters are obtained by means of the maximum likelihood method. The descriptive statistics characterising the total situation in the Czech Republic and Poland, as well as in selected socio-economic groups, are calculated. To analyse the extent, depth and severity of poverty in the countries in question, the aggregate indices are obtained. The conducted research shows a high similarity for both distribution of equivalent income and the socio-economic groups particularly exposed to monetary poverty.