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Adam Stalony-Dobrzański’s projects and stained-glass windows for Warsaw Orthodox parishes
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016-12) Siemieniec, Anna
Adam Stalony-Dobrzański (1904–1985), a graduate and lecturer of the Academy of Fine Arts in Cracow was one of the leading creators of contemporary Orthodox art in Poland. Creating comprehensive concepts of interior designs of Polish churches, the artist introduced, inter alia, stained-glass windows into their space. Many of these windows were designed for churches and buildings belonging to the Orthodox Church in Warsaw. They are described in this article, with special attention being paid to their history and iconography. The oldest stained glass window is Deesis, created in 1956 for the lower chapel of the Orthodox Church of St John Climacus in Wola. It was only in the late 1970s and beginning of the 1980s that glazing for the upper chapel according to Stalony-Dobrzański’s designs was manufactured. In 1968 Stalony-Dobrzański was invited to participate in a competition for the renovation project of the Metropolitan Council of the Holy Equal to Apostles of Mary Magdalene in Warsaw. However, his project, elaborated in co-operation with Jerzy Nowosielski, Boris Oleszko and Sotyris Pantopulos, was not realised. Currently, in the church there is only one stained glass window designed by Stalony-Dobrzański, i.e. Mary Magdalene meets the Resurrected Christ (1976). In the 1970s Stalony-Dobrzański designed stained-glass windows for the House of the Metropolitan of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church (the collection is currently scattered), and in the next decade – also for the Museum Of Warsaw Orthodox Metropolis (projects were not realised).
Jerzy Nowosielski’s religious projects and works in the churches of the Eastern rite in Wrocław
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014-12) Czerni, Krystyna
Jerzy Nowosielski (1923–2011) was one of the most outstanding Polish painters of the 20 th century. His oeuvre also includes many projects in the field of monumental religious art. Born to an Orthodox family in the Ukraine, he is the author of an original concept of the modern icon, which combines the esthetics of modern painting with Byzantine tradition. He has designed paintings for private devotion, as well as for churches of different denominations. In Wrocław, he has worked with both Eastern Orthodox and Greek Catholic churches. For the Eastern Orthodox Cathedral of the Nativity of the Mother of God (the former Church of St Barbara), he designed the Feast tier of the iconostas and a polychrome decoration, only parts of which were actually painted in the end: in the vaulting of the presbytery and the chapel of the Exaltation of the Cross. His plans for the other Eastern Orthodox church in Wrocław, the Polish-language Church of St Cyril and St Methodius in Piasek, unfortunately never materialized, even though all the designs, e.g. for the iconostas and the "Golgotha", were ready. Nowosielski’s cooperation with the Greek Catholic was more fruitful; however, the uncertain legal status of the Greek Catholic Church in Poland also proved a hindrance to the projects. In the crypt of St Bartholomew (the lower church of the Exaltation of the Cross), the original Greek Catholic church in Wrocław, Nowosielski designed polychrome elements and stained-glass windows, ten of which were actually produced. He also made many moveable elements for the interior (the iconostas, banners, liturgical equipment, icons), which were transferred to the new church, the Church of St Vincent and St James, in 1999. Even though it was rooted in deep faith and rich spiritual experience, Nowosielski’s bold and original religious art often sparked controversies among the common people, hence its checkered fate, frequent problems with producing the designs, as well as acts of aggression and destruction against them. Today, there is no doubt that Jerzy Nowosielski has created outstanding masterpieces in the field of monumental religious art; their every trace, circumstances of creation, and history deserve scholarly attention.
Tak mi rozebrali cerkiew / Jakby mi rozebrali świat. Obrazy cerkwi w łemkowskiej poezji Władysława Grabana i Jerzego Harasymowicza
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2023-12) Mordel, Karol
Niniejsza praca ma na celu przedstawienie i wyjaśnienie relacji pomiędzy tożsamościami Władysława Grabana i Jerzego Harasymowicza oraz historią i kulturą społeczności łemkowskiej a wybranymi aspektami ukazań cerkwi w ich poezji łemkowskiej. W celu udowodnienia, iż wykorzystanie obrazów cerkwi w poezji obu twórców stanowi główny środek budujący poetycki obraz Łemkowszczyzny czasów po roku 1947, oraz ukazania tychże relacji opisano znaczenie religii dla tożsamości analizowanych poetów oraz zanalizowano obrazy cerkwi w ich poezji. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w nurcie komparatystyki wewnętrznej, z uwzględnieniem kulturowych teorii literatury, historii czy religioznawstwa.
The mural paintings of Modest Sosenko. Characteristics of the style based on representative examples.
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2022-12) Semchyshyn-Huzner, Olesia
In the considerable creative legacy of the Ukrainian artist Modest Sosenko (1875–1920), the murals and sacred easel paintings he created for more than ten Galician churches deserve special attention. His contemporaries noted that the artist’s sacred works were characterised by his own ‘Sosenko style’, which boldly and organically combined Byzantine traditions reinterpreted by 16 th – and 17 th – century masters with modern European stylistic requirements of the turn of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. He was a pioneer who paved the way for the development of modern church art, which was helped by the circumstances of his life. After acquiring a thorough European professional education during his studies in Kraków as well as in Munich and Paris thanks to a scholarship funded by Metropolitan Andrey Sheptytsky, Sosenko returned to Galicia and, continuing his mentor’s activities in the field of museums, became a full-time employee of the Church (later National) Museum. His direct contact with old monuments of iconography, manuscripts and incunabula, and folk art allowed him to gain a deep understanding of the peculiarities of Ukrainian national art. Thus, the combination of his personal talent, professional knowledge and museum experience, as well as his close relationship with the head of the Greek Catholic Church – Andrey Sheptytsky, who directed all his efforts towards the revival of the high culture of decorating the sacred space of Eastern Rite churches, gave birth to an intellectual artist, ready to take up the challenge of the present day. However, it is not possible to appreciate Sosenko’s achievements in their entirety. The warfare in the region during the two world wars of the 20 th century, the years of Soviet rule, which was intolerant of cultural, national and spiritual heritage, and even the first years of Ukrainian independence, were not conducive to the preservation of the churches and their decoration. As a result, researchers are forced to conclude that most of Sosenko’s works have been irretrievably lost. The artist’s sources of inspiration, the specific composition of his monumental artworks, the range of colours, the ideological and aesthetic programme can only be reconstructed on the basis of the decorations of two churches in the Lviv region: St. Michael the Archangel in the village of Pidberizci and the Holy Resurrection in the village of Poliany, by making comparisons with fragments of lost murals recorded in archival photographs, and by adding the decoration, already after restoration toning, of the artist’s last sacred object – St. Nicholas Church in Zolochiv. Even such scattered data make it possible to observe many of the author’s characteristics, to determine the process of the formation of Sosenko’s distinct individual artistic style, to which this study is dedicated.
Witraże Adama Stalony-Dobrzańskiego dla cerkwi prawosławnych we Wrocławiu
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014-12) Siemieniec, Anna
Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej Wrocław był jednym z miast, do których trafiła wysiedlona ze wschodnich terenów Polski ludność wyznania prawosławnego. Zaistniała wówczas potrzeba utworzenia dla niej parafii w istniejących już kościołach rzymskokatolickich czy protestanckich. W 1963 roku dawny kościół pw. św. Barbary przekształcono na katedrę prawosławną pw. Narodzenia Przenajświętszej Bogarodzicy, natomiast w 1970 roku powstała prawosławna parafia pw. św. św. Cyryla i Metodego. O adaptacje wnętrz obu świątyń na potrzeby wschodniej liturgii poproszono Adama Stalony-Dobrzańskiego oraz Jerzego Nowosielskiego, prawosławnych artystów z Krakowa. Efektem ich współpracy były całościowe koncepcje wystroju wnętrz. Niektóre z koncepcji polichromii, ikonostasów czy witraży nie zostały zrealizowane. Śladem po nich są fragmentarycznie zachowane projekty, szkice, pisemne wzmianki i opisy ikonograficzne. Adam Stalony-Dobrzański – malarz, witrażysta, grafik, konserwator dzieł sztuki, wykładowca na ASP w Krakowie, od początku lat 50. realizował witraże dla wnętrz sakralnych w Polsce. Również we Wrocławiu podjął się opracowania projektów do witraży dla obydwu świątyń prawosławnych; zrealizowano z nich jedynie kilka. W katedrze prawosławnej znajdują się trzy witraże Stalony-Dobrzańskiego: w bocznej kaplicy Podwyższenia Świętego Krzyża kompozycja ze scenami "Ukrzyżowania" oraz "Podwyższenia Krzyża Pańskiego" (1965), w przeszklonych drzwiach witraż ukazujący "Matkę Boską Orantę i Ewangelistów" (1964) oraz witraż w centralnym oknie sanktuarium przedstawiający "Matkę Boską Znaku" ze scenami z życia Maryi (1991). W cerkwi pw. św. św. Cyryla i Metodego do roku 2011 znajdował się półokrągły witraż ukazujący "Matkę Boską Eleusę" (1958). Jako replika kwatery witraża zrealizowanego przez Stalony-Dobrzańskiego dla cerkwi w Gródku Białostockim został on wykonany na potrzeby filmu dokumentalnego pt. "Witraże Dobrzańskiego", autorstwa Jerzego Łomnickiego. Twórczość Stalony-Dobrzańskiego, nadal oczekująca na gruntowne poznanie i analizę, jest oryginalna i rozpoznawalna między innymi przez jej związki z ikoną, tradycją bizantyńsko-ruską oraz liternictwem.