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Ascorbic acid in cancer management – time for a second look
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-12) Ogochukwu, Izuegbuna
Introduction and aim. Over the past decades, the hypotheses that ascorbic acid (AA) can play a role as an anti-neoplastic therapy have generated many conflicting reports. Despite the controversies, mounting evidence has shown that AA has the potential to play a role as an anti-neoplastic agent. Recent studies have unraveled its pharmacokinetics and various mechanism of action on cancer cells. This has spawned different preclinical studies with reports of good activities against various cancers. Material and methods. A review of the literature regarding ascorbic acid in the management of cancer was performed using the PubMed database. The research was limited to abstracts and available full-text articles. Analysis of the literature. Clinical trials have also demonstrated its safety and tolerability across different dosages. AA has been noted as a multitargeting agent that acts as a pro-oxidative cytotoxic agent, anti-cancer epigenetic regulator and immune modulator. AA has also been shown act synergistically with standard chemotherapy regimens in different cancers. Despite its potentials, phase III clinical trials are seriously lacking. The recent phase III VITALITY study shows that AA may play a role as an adjunct targeted therapy for ras-mutated cancers. Therefore, there is need to for more standardized clinical trials to help identify cancer subtypes and AA combination regimens that can show the most benefits. In this review, the pleiotropic mechanism of action of AA was explored as well as various preclinical and clinical studies in cancer therapy. In addition, recommendations were also made for effective strategies towards an AA and standard cancer regimens in treatment as well as future directions. Ascorbic acid has been shown to induce cell death in various cancer types through different mechanisms of action. Several clinical trials and case reports have shown its efficacy in combination chemotherapy, and the pharmacological route of action can be either intravenous or oral. However, it can impair the actions of some drugs when given in combination. Also, dosage should be determined for maximal pharmacologic action. Conclusion. Ascorbic acid has the potential to provide safe and cost-effective antineoplastic treatment option especially in combination therapy. Its potential needs to be further investigated through clinical trials.
Bioactive food components in the diet of patients diagnosed with cancer
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Klekot, Konrad; Zubelewicz-Szkodzińska, Barbara
Introduction. Cancer, after cardiovascular disease, is the second most common cause of death both in Poland and Europe, so it is important to investigate and search for dietary components with anti-cancer properties. Components which can modulate different stages of carcinogenesis through epigenetic process are called bioactive food components. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional habits of patients diagnosed with cancer in terms of level of bioactive food components consumption. Material and methods. A group of 123 patients diagnosed with cancer were enrolled the study. The study was conducted by means of an anonymous questionnaire on diet history prepared by the authors. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software, statistical significance was adopted at the level of p < 0.05. Results. Based on the results of the questionnaires, major risk factors that increase the prevalence of cancer disease were age (above 55 years) and increased BMI (the score indicated overweight or obesity). Additionally, it was observed that cancer diagnosis resulted in change of eating habits in approx. 61.8% of the participants. Enrolled patients mostly consumed inadequate amounts of green vegetables, legumes, green tea and whole grains before the diagnosis. Moreover, patients with breast and colorectal cancer were found to be more likely to consume more red meat in comparison to others. – Both non-modifiable factors: age and modifiable ones: body weight and lifestyle influence morbidity. – Most participants ate incorrectly before cancer diagnosis; diagnosis of the disease changed their eating habits.
Cancer patients’ attitudes towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine in the management of sleep problems
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-09) Baykal, Dilek; Dedeoğlu Demir, Burcu; Yildirim, Dilek
Introduction and aim. Sleep problems are frequently experienced in cancer patients and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is solve the problem. However, patients’ attitudes towards this practice are crucial. This study was purpose to investigate the attitudes of cancer patients towards CAM practices in the management of sleep problems. Material and methods. This cross-sectional. and descriptive study was conducted between February-June 2020, on 140 cancer patients in oncology/haematology clinics, three different hospitals in Istanbul. Data were collected by using the Information Form, “Richard Campbell Sleep Questionnaire and The Attitudes towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine scale”. Results. It was found that the patients had problems with sleep in general 42.74±21.31, mostly in the aspect of the quality of sleep 36.28±26.1. It was determined that stage IV cancer, education and income level of patients affect sleep problems. While female holistic health attitudes were more negative and, their attitudes towards CAM were positive. It was found in the analysis of variance that was performed to determine the difference between the mean scores towards sleep problems of patients in different stages (F=3.062; p<0.05). Conclusion. It was found that cancer patients usually had sleep problems, and their attitudes towards CAM practices were positive.
Clinical application of monoclonal antibodies in targeted therapy
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Superson, Maciej; Szmyt, Katarzyna; Szymańska, Katarzyna; Walczak, Kamil; Wnorowski, Jeremi; Zarębski, Łukasz
Introduction. Recently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become powerful human therapeutics in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. Drugs based on mAbs are approved for the treatment of cardiovascular, respiratory, hematology, autoimmunology, and oncology diseases. Aim. To present the current state of knowledge about the application of mAbs in the therapy of various diseases such as cancer, autoimmune and Alzheimer’s diseases. Material and methods. We conducted a thorough review of the scientific literature from the following databases: EBSCO, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer Link. Results. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved more than 50 therapeutic mAbs which are applied in various clinical trials. Action of mAb are based on various mechanisms, including directly targeting the cells, modifying the host response, recognizing and degrading molecules as well as delivering cytotoxic moieties. Conclusion. Despite some limitations including side effects, and therapeutic challenges, monoclonal antibodies are an attractive option for the development of new therapies and molecular drug targets against a wide range of common diseases due to their specificity and flexibility. MAbs are considered as a great hope for medicine, and effective and safe drugs in the treatment of various diseases.
Diagnostyka spektroskopowa guzów niskozróżnicowanych drobnookrągłokomórkowych u dzieci
(Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, 2024-02-29) Łach, Kornelia
Nowotwory u dzieci występują relatywnie rzadko (ok. 1% wszystkich zachorowań na nowotwory), a ich patogeneza i histopatologia jest odmienna w stosunku do nowotworów u ludzi starszych. W Polsce obserwuje się około 1200-1300 zachorowań rocznie na chorobę nowotworową wśród dzieci. Opóźnione rozpoznanie choroby nowotworowej może się wiązać z gorszym rokowaniem, a nawet z zagrożeniem życia. Dlatego tak istotne jest poszukiwanie nowych skutecznych, obiektywnych, tanich oraz szybkich metod diagnostycznych. Spektroskopia w podczerwieni z transformatą Fouriera (FTIR) oraz spektroskopia Ramana są fizykochemicznymi, nieinwazyjnymi, czułymi i powtarzalnymi metodami, które dostarczają istotnych informacji na temat zmian w strukturze molekularnej. Uzyskane widmo i jego zmiany mogą zostać potencjalnie wykorzystane do monitorowania przebiegu choroby oraz jako marker prognostyczny do stratyfikacji leczenia onkologicznego. Celem niniejszego badania była próba wykorzystania uzyskanych widm spektroskopowych jako potencjalnego narzędzia diagnostycznego oraz jako markera prognostycznego dla: mięsaka Ewinga (ES) oraz rdzeniaka zarodkowego- medulloblastoma (MB) u dzieci. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników, potwierdzono przydatność spektroskopii wibracyjnej jako testu diagnostycznego zarówno w MB jak i w ES. Dodatkowo wykazano dużą wartość prognostyczną spektroskopii FTIR w ES.
Exploring the versatility of ciclopirox – from anti-fungal to anticancer agent and beyond
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023-12) Singh, Dhishank; Kaur, Ginpreet; Chintamaneni, Meena; Joshi, Hemant; Ramniwas, Seema; Tuli, Hardeep Singh
Introduction and aim. Ciclopirox has been treating fungal infections for decades. Recent studies suggest ciclopirox may be repurposed to treat cancer, viral infections, and neurological disorders. Ciclopirox exerts anticancer by inhibiting multiple pathways of cancer cell growth and survival and anti-viral actions by reducing viral replication and altering the host immunological response to viral infection. Recent research suggests that ciclopirox may protect against neurodegenerative illnesses including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This narrative review shows ciclopirox’s potential to treat cancer, viral infections, and neurological diseases. Material and methods. Current relevant research publications focused on ciclopirox and its repurposing medicinal potential, therefore a well-designed technique was used to find them. „Ciclopirox”, „Anti-fungal”, „Anti-cancer”, „Repurposing”, and „Therapeutic potential” were used to search PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Analysis of literature. Ciclopirox may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which may cause several illnesses. Overall, the repurposing of ciclopirox for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, and neurodegenerative disorders represents a promising avenue of research that warrants further investigation. Conclusion. It was concluded that CPX and olamine derivatives as outstanding antifungal medications, as well as provide information on ongoing research to use them for other illnesses.
Help for the terminally ill and the dispute over the permissibility of euthanasia
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2015) Stępa, Małgorzata
Currently, there is an observable global phenomenon of aging societies, which is associated with the extension of human lives. However, a longer life is one of the reasons for the recording of a growing population affected by “terminal diseases”. These include malignant tumours (neoplasmamalignum)1 and AIDS2. The late stages of these diseases include the appearance of paresis, paralysis3 , aphasia, dementia, and coma. Similar symptoms are observed in the case of neurological conditions such as: 1. Alzheimer's disease; 2. cerebral haemorrhages; 3. brain oedema6; 4. multiple sclerosis7and post-trauma (accident), which means that these may be added to thediseases thatrequire a similar procedure as in the caseof the aforementioned.People suffering from these require specialised treatment and care. Thisinvolves considerable financial outlay bythe state (research, treatment). Inaddition, the economy isunusually burdened by factors such as: care allowances to be paid, employment of qualified staff, and the creation of appropriate assistance centres. The search for budget reserves forthis social groupencounters insurmountable obstacles. At the same time,the existing focus onproductive people (laws of economics)causesa lack of perception and a lackofwillingness to addressthe chronically ill at theend oftheirlives,orthe terminally ill8, putting up barriers to them (lack of funding for hospices,palliativewards, and care allowances). In view of thegrowing demographicand earnings problemswe are increasingly confrontedwithpseudo-rationalclaims to alloweuthanasia(from the Greek meaninggood death), contrary tonatural law.It has been accepted that this is defined as the compassionate killing of someone who is suffering and terminally ill. Euthanasia is to be carried out in the name of the “human freedom” to decide for ourselves, but also to interrupt the pain or end the suffering in a phase in which nothing more can be done (resulting in death). From time to time, various countries are swept by a wave of discussion about its permissibility, and this dispute has been going on for centuries. The aim of the study is not only to approximate the size of the problem of the dying and their families, but also to show the possibilities for social and medical solutions in both a rational (economic) and human manner, without resorting to experiments with euthanasia. Our study was conducted using a diagnostic survey, in which the following techniques were used: an analysis of documents; observation; interview. The observation and interview were conducted in 2011 in two hospices (the St. Lazarus Hospice in Krakow and the St. Brother Albert Hospice in Dąbrowa Tarnowska). Interviews were given to: the management, the volunteer manager, and staff at both institutions. In addition, research on social attitudes towards euthanasia was carried out in the same year in Tarnów (Part 5).
Hyalinising clear cell carcinoma of salivary gland: a case report
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Osuchowski, Michał; Bartusik-Aebisher, Dorota; Kaznowska, Ewa; Aebisher, David
Introduction. Clear cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified/hyalinising clear cell carcinoma of the salivary gland (HCCC) is a malignancy that arises in minor salivary glands. It rarely leads to distant metastases or cancer-related death but has the potential for recurrence and focal metastases. Aim. A case is reported. Description of the case. A 72 years old female patient has reported to the Clinic of Otolaryngology with a tongue lesion. The patient had no history of malignancy. The lymph node has been surgically removed for further examination. Cords and nests of clear cells and cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm in a hyalinized stroma were identified within the lymph node. After the diagnosis the patient has been transferred to another Oncology Hospital for further treatment. Conclusion. The diagnosis of clear cell carcinoma may be challenging because many of it‘s features frequently overlap with other salivary gland lesions.
Pathophysiological roles of ERα in the ER signaling mediated oncogenesis of breast cancer
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Neja, Sultan Abda
Introduction. Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of nuclear receptors that act in the ER signaling pathway regulating the pathophysiology of hormone-responsive target cells including breast tissue. Aim. This detailled review literature was written on the pathophysiology of ER signaling as well as the effect altered ERα and associated pathway derangement in the oncogenesis of breast cancer. Material and methods. This review was performed according to systematic literature search of three major bibliographic databases (Scopus, PubMed, and Cochran). Analysis of the literature. In this pathway, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is a key estradiol-17β (E2) induced transcription factor that has been implicated in the initiation and development of the major fraction of breast cancers. Hence understanding the ERα-mediated ER signaling that results in alterations from normal phenotypic features of breast tissue to the oncogenic features of breast cancer is important. The oncogenic effect of ERα in ER signaling is driven by combinations of molecular assets within the cancer cells. Normally, the transcriptional activity of ERα is controlled by tight regulation of its protein level inside the cells. Altered stability and activity of ERα due to its phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, sumoylation, and acetylation events can trigger oncogenic ER signaling. Conclusion. The function and activity of ERα is also modulated by its interaction with coregulators as well as crosstalk with oncogenic factors from other oncogenic pathways. These all events increase the complexity of the progression of ER+ breast cancer and its response to endocrine therapy.
Risk factors for cancer development in type 2 diabetes. A retrospective case-control study.
(2016-08-19) Dąbrowski, Mariusz; Szymańska-Garbacz, Elektra; Miszczyszyn, Zofia; Dereziński, Tadeusz; Czupryniak, Leszek
Abstract Background. The risk of several types of cancer is increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The earliest possible diagnosis of cancer – difficult within regular outpatient diabetes care - is of utmost importance for patients’ survival. The aim of this multicenter, retrospective (years 1998-2015), case-control study was to identify risk factors associated with malignancy in subjects with diabetes treated in a typical outpatient setting. Methods. In the databases of 3 diabetic and 1 primary care clinics 203 patients (115 women) with type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed malignancy while treated for diabetes were identified. The control group consisted of 203 strictly age- and gender matched subjects with type 2 diabetes without cancer. Factors associated with diabetes: disease duration, antidiabetic medications use and metabolic control of diabetes were analyzed. Also other variables: BMI (body mass index), smoking habits, place of residence and comorbidities were included into analysis. Results. The most prevalent malignancies in men and women together were breast cancer (20.7%) and colorectal cancer (16.3%). HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) level ≥8.5%, obesity and insulin treatment in dose-dependent and time-varying manner demonstrated significant association with increased risk of malignancy, while metformin use was associated with a lower risk of cancer. Diabetes duration, comorbidities, smoking habits, place of residence and aspirin use did not show significant association with risk of malignancy. Conclusions. In the outpatient setting the obese patients with poorly controlled insulin treated type 2 diabetes mellitus should be rigorously assessed towards malignancies, particularly breast cancer in women and colorectal cancer in men.
The expression of CD44, CD90 and CD133 in response to cisplatin in hepatocellular cancer cells
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Donmez Cakıl, Yaprak; Ozunal, Zeynep Gunes; Kayalı, Damla Gokceoglu; Aktas, Ranan Gulhan
Introduction. Cancer is a leading cause of mortality. Hepatocellular cancer is one of the malignancies associated with poor outcome and resistance to pharmacotherapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to resistance to therapy and hence lead to the treatment failure of tumors. Aim. This study aims to explore the expression of CSCs in response to cisplatin treatment in HepG2 hepatocellular cancer cell line. Material and methods. Cell proliferation test, CCK-8, was used to evaluate the cell proliferation following cisplatin treatment for 72 hours. The expressions of CSC markers CD44, CD90, and CD133 were assessed by flow cytometric analysis. Results. The results showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and increased expression of CSC markers CD44 and CD90 in response to cisplatin. Conclusion. Understanding the roles of CSC markers may point to new targets and therapeutic strategies to predict and overcome cisplatin resistance.