Przeglądanie według Temat "archaeology"

Aktualnie wyświetlane 1 - 18 z 18

Aktualne problemy zarządzania archeologicznym dziedzictwem kulturowym
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2017) Czopek, Sylwester
The article analyses issues related to the protection of archaeological heritage, understood holistically, i.e. traditional conservation (sites protection in situ) and museology (ex post protection). Providing numerous examples and quoting the opinions of other archaeologists, the author confirms the diagnosis of inefficiency of the current system of protection, its numerous gaps and inconsistencies. In conclusion the author presents a proposal for a new legal regulation - the Act on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage.
Application of GPR Survey in the Investigation of a Plane Crash from the Second World War
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2017) Pasterkiewicz, Wojciech; Rajchel, Bernadeta
The article discusses the use of a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for locating objects originating from the war period. It also presents the results of GPR research, showing the presence of a World War II aircraft wreck located in the subsurface layer in Krościenko Wyżne, Krosno County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Excavations carried out later have confirmed these surveys. The remains of the aircraft were documented in spots in which anomalies were indicated by the GPR. The conducted archaeological work made it possible to assess the effectiveness of the georadar technique.
Bibracte – współczesna historia celtyckiego oppidum
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2017) Skowron, Katarzyna; Bochnak, Tomasz
Bibracte – Centre Archéologique Européen to kompleks obejmujący stanowisko archeologiczne, centrum badawcze oraz muzeum, położony w Parku Regionalnym Morvan (Parc Régional du Morvan). Powodem powstania i zarazem trzonem kompleksu jest zlokalizowana na Mont Beuvray ufortyfikowana osada celtycka identyfikowana ze znanym ze źródeł pisanych oppidum Bibracte. Inauguracja Bibracte – Centre Archéologique Européen miała miejsce w 1995 r. Centrum badawcze zapewnia odpowiedni poziom prac archeologicznych na oppidum, odpowiada za przechowywanie pozyskanego materiału archeologicznego oraz umożliwia naukowe opracowanie znalezisk. Bibracte stanowi miejsce spotkań i pole współpracy dla badaczy europejskich. Na oppidum pracowali lub nadal pracują archeolodzy z Austrii, Belgii, Czech, Francji, Hiszpanii, Niemiec, Polski, Szwajcarii, Węgier, Wielkiej Brytanii, Włoch oraz Stanów Zjednoczonych. Bibracte – Centre Archéologique Européen to także ośrodek nastawiony na współpracę z placówkami uniwersyteckimi. Prowadzone tam wykopaliska stanowią dogodną okazję do organizowania praktyk terenowych dla studentów archeologii. Uzupełnieniem letnich prac wykopaliskowych są otwarte staże. Na uwagę zasługuje oferta edukacyjna kierowana do dzieci. W sezonie letnim organizowane są dwutygodniowe obozy wykopaliskowe dla nastolatków, podczas których młodzi ludzie pod opieką wykwalifikowanych archeologów prowadzą badania archeologiczne na Mont Beuvray. Muzeum Cywilizacji Celtyckiej natomiast ma na celu upowszechnianie wiedzy na temat prowadzonych na stanowisku wykopalisk. Ekspozycja, odnowiona w latach 2011–2013, jest podzielona na dwie części. Pierwsza przedstawia kulturę celtycką na terenie Europy, przy okazji prezentując metody stosowane przez archeologów, natomiast druga koncentruje się na celtyckim oppidum Bibracte.
Cult and Ritual in Polish Archaeology: Past Research and New Perspectives
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2015) Gardeła, Leszek; Půlpánová-Reszczyńska, Agnieszka
This paper provides a brief overview of past and recent studies on the archaeology of cult and ritual in Poland. It discusses some of the most important publications and scholarly initiatives that have been shaping current approaches to various aspects of pre-Christian beliefs and it also attempts to predict future research trajectories.
Franziskanerinnen im Stadtraum von Zamość im 17. Jh., im Lichte der archäologisch- historischkartographischen Forschungen
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Mazecki, Tomasz; Woźniak, Marta
Authors’ aimin this article is an interdisciplinary approach to localizing the first residence of the Franciscan sisters in the 17th century in Zamość. This work is based on unpublished analysis of archaeological and supervisory research, historical monographs and cartographic sources. A review of other publications concerning the same issue however from a more general point of view gives a reason for further critical considerations regarding the matter of localizing the original Franciscan sisters in the area of Ordynacja Zamoyska – a capital city of that times. An archaeological method was compared to the cartographic sources what resulted in providing especially significant pieces of information. The above mentioned issue in the history of Zamość has never been considered as a distinct field of any study.
From Magical Valorization to Radiocarbon Chronology. Changes in Determining Age of Prehistoric Artifacts
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2016) Woźny, Jacek
Changes in determining age of prehistoric artifacts are closely linked to the search for objective grounds for reconstructing the history of human culture. In the Middle Ages, the origin of archaeological finds was explained by natural forces. For instance, it was thought that the Earth gives birth to vessels and keeps the bones of mythical creatures. For the religious worldview, it was the Bible that constituted the basis for perceiving the world. Chronology of ancient monuments referred to biblical events. Findings of antediluvian animals and plants were described. The existence of an antediluvian man was discussed. The age of these findings was estimated to reach several thousand years BC. Scientific methods of studying the chronology of prehistory developed in the mid-19th century, after the introduction of system of three ages by C.J. Thomsen. It was thought that social evolution was an objective source of cultural change, corresponding with K. Darwin’s ideas. Improvement of methods for determining the age of archaeological artifacts took place in the second half of the 20th century, thanks to C14 dating. Despite the conviction of archaeologists of the objectivity of radiocarbon chronology, it raises many objections and controversies. This proves that there is no single research method leading to objective knowledge about prehistory.
Graphite in an archaeological context comparing to other black substances – research problems and prospects
(the Authors, 2020) Trąbska, Joanna
In the archaeological context, substances with a black color have been extensively used in many ancient communities, in the form of items and layers, with the use of biogenic and mineral substances, and requiring a separate methodological approach. Each of them behaves differently in technological and postdepositional processes. The potential degree of the complexity of intentionally applied layers (e.g. paints or cosmetics) and the overlap of secondary substances and crusts, increases difficulties in obtaining unambiguous results and their interpretation. Graphite plays an important role among them. Several areas of the current use of graphite are, or at least could be, commonly shared in the present and in the past, and thus their analysis could be inspiring for archaeology and archaeometry. Graphite fingerprint and potential fingerprints are discussed in terms of their variability. The problem of graphitization as a potential source of misleading interpretation is discussed.
O ewaluacji czasopism naukowych uwag kilka, czyli dlaczego „Materiały i Sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego” będą nadal wydawane
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2019) Czopek, Sylwester
The article discusses and comments on the current bibliometric status of journal the “Materials and Reports of the Rzeszów Archaeological Centre”, especially in the context of new regulations applied in Polish science. At the beginning, the annual itself and its systematic development since 1961have been presented. Furthermore, comparative analyzes with other Polish archaeological journals have been shown. The conclusion clearly emphasizes the role that the “Materials and Reports of the Rzeszów Archaeological Centre” still play in publishing sources and their openness to the research issues regarding Eastern Europe.
Polychrome from the southern crypt of the church of the Holy Trinity in Byszewo in light of archaeological and conservation studies
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Nowak, Sebastian; Kaźmierczak, Adam
Polychrome on the vaults or walls of grave crypts are a rare category of finds and they are often accompanied by problems for specialist analyses or restoration. A composition of five images of religious and symbolic character was registered on a completely plastered barrel vault with lunettes in a crypt situated under the chapel of The Passion in postcistercian church of The Holy Trinity in Byszewo. Archaeological exploration of the crypt resulted in the excavation of 92 coffins of lay representatives – both adults and children. Burial and grave goods analyses confirmed that the crypt could have been erected in the middle of 18th century and used until the beginning of 19th century. Physicochemical tests and conservation analysis of the painting suggest that walls and the vault completing works could be continued in the time of intense use of the room as a burial place, and the present polychrome is probably the fourth layer of painting. The elements preserved until the present day might have been created between the 18th and 19th century.
Power and Authority in Prehistory and the Problem of Interdisciplinary Archaeological Studies
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2011) Kadrow, Sławomir
Author considers interdisciplinary nature of archaeological studies. The most outstanding scholars in the early stages of the development of archaeology as a scientific and academic discipline were mainly highly educated men with broad interests, combining knowledge of various sciences. For this reason they did not notice the problem of cooperation of archaeology and other disciplines. However, the progress of specialization in various disciplines during the twentieth century, has now led to a situation where the cooperation of the archaeologist with other scientific disciplines requires theoretical reflection. Archaeological studies of about power and authority, as well as social issues in prehistory, are usually based on analyses of burial rites. This is because all rituals provide a flow of meaning in culture, using in this case essential material things. Ritual is a symbolic and expressive aspect of behaviour that communicates social relations. Its role is particularly important in crisis situations as a means to cope with uncertainty. From the very beginning of the Eneolithic period in particular areas of Europe and the Near East we are able to identify material manifestations of various forms of increasing social hierarchy which were accompanied by different forms of authority and wielding of power. It seems that these processes were carried out under the umbrella of various kinds of ethos: hero (Mesopotamia), warrior-priest (Brittany), knight (west coast of the Black Sea), or warrior-herdsman (the Caucasus outskirts).
Stan badań archeologicznych nad zagadnieniem etnogenezy Słowian w Polsce oraz w krajach Europy Wschodniej
(Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, 2024-06-06) Jędrzejewska, Sylwia
Celem rozprawy było zbadanie: – jak kształtowała się w archeologii wiedza na temat najstarszej wczesnośredniowiecznej kultury Słowian i w jaki sposób jej rozwój wpływał na poglądy formułowane w sprawie słowiańskiej etnogenezy; – na jakie pytania starano się odpowiedzieć, poruszając problem pochodzenia Słowian, – na jakich podstawach i z użyciem jakich metod budowano poszczególne koncepcje; – czy i w jakim zakresie sięgano po ustalenia innych dyscyplin. Tytułowy stan badań obejmuje okres od połowy XX w. po czasy współczesne. Uwzględniono dorobek archeologów z Polski i krajów wschodniej Europy, a dokładnie z Ukrainy, Mołdawii, Białorusi i Rosji. W efekcie podjęto próbę usystematyzowania głoszonych poglądów. Wskazano główne koncepcje, a w obrębie nich warianty różniące się m.in. zakresem chronologicznym i terytorialnym rozważań, stosowanymi przez badaczy metodami wnioskowania, doborem i hierarchią źródeł archeologicznych, interpretacją szczegółowych wątków dyskusji czy stopniem wykorzystania przesłanek spoza własnej dyscypliny. Następnie podjęto próbę oceny dorobku polskiej i wschodnioeuropejskiej archeologii w zakresie badań nad etnogenezą Słowian, jak też wskazano potrzeby i perspektywy badawcze.
Statystyka w archeologii, czyli dlaczego nie trzeba bać się liczb
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2021) Rajpold, Wojciech
The great motorway research and construction investments have brought and are still bringing a huge set of new data. In 2019 alone, one million new archaeological artefacts were sourced. Therefore, there is a problem of systematic and comprehensive development of the obtained sources, in which statistics may be helpful. The article introduces selected statistical methods and shows examples of their use. It focuses on their usefulness in archaeological research, and thus it may become a boost for their wider use in the development of archaeological sources.
Ten Years of Recruitment for Archaeology in Toruń – Candidate Profiles and the Student Recruitment Process. A Multi-indicator Data Analysis
(the Authors, 2021) Nalaskowski, Filip; Dejna, Dagna
The article is a research report on candidates for archaeological studies, for which the source of data was the Internet Candidate Registration (IRK) system of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. The analysis was carried out on a sample of 695 people admitted to the first year of archeology at UMK, with the material covering the period from 2007 to 2017. It was decided to build the profile of candidates for students based on six criteria: the size of the hometown and its distance from Toruń, gender, age of the candidates, completed secondary school, results of secondary school-leaving exams and recruitment decisions of candidates (priority system). As researchers, we had no influence on the set of data we had at our disposal, the work was carried out using an already existing database, the primary purpose of which was not research or analyzes similar to ours. The text presents conclusions and generalizations based on proprietary tools for the analysis of the existing database. The conclusions, although they concern archeology itself and candidates for archeology, may be a starting point for further analyzes of other majors. Archaeologists can use these outcomes to evaluate the condition of their discipline.
The Role of Archaeological and Ethno-Historical Sources in the Study of Prehistoric Amazonia
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2011) Golińska, Beata
The growing popularity of archaeology and the amassment of new archaeological researches compelled archaeologist to make an interpretations based on different domains of humanistic sciences. This interdisciplinary studies allow to look at the problem of reconstructing the past from a different perspectives. Since most significant issues had multiple causes, interdisciplinary studies provide a more comprehensive understanding of issues. The cooperation of different domains of sciences (archaeology, ethnology and cultural anthropology) is essential for studying the past. It is particularly important for the Brazilian Amazon where the great part of cultural processes could not be seen in an archaeological context.
The Stronghold on St. Peter’s Hill in Radom (Poland). Archaeology, Biography of the Place, and Practices of Memory
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Trzeciecki, Maciej
The stronghold called St. Peter’s hill in Radom is located in the centre of the city, in an area severely degraded by the side effects of 19th- and 20th-century industrialisation. The archaeological excavations and paleoecological research carried out in 2009–2013 created a background for studying its complex past and designing the future. The biography of St. Peter’s hill encompasses the early medieval power centre, late medieval urbanisation, nineteenth-century industrialisation, subsequent degradation of material and human resources, and present revitalisation projects. This place is far more than an archaeological site or even a part of archaeological heritage. It is a unique cultural landscape, which emerged as a result of long-lasting mutual relations between man and nature. Its materiality constitutes an inalienable cultural capital, indispensable for the reconstruction of local identities and communities of memory.
The transformation of the town Chomutov, its command post, fortifications and castle in the Middle Ages and the early Modern period
(Institute of Archaeology Rzeszów University, 2012) Sýkora, Milan
The article basing on archaeological, architectural and historical researches makes an attempt reconstruct the historical development of Chomutov (north east part of the Czech Republic). The author depicts the developmental history of the town starting from the 13th century colony connected with the court of the gentry, then mentioning the centre of Teutonic Knights Komtur and finally getting to the point when a town was set up nearby the monastic castle. In the middle of the 14th century a process of measuring the streets networks and parcels started. At the beginning of the 15th century Chomutov becomes a fully established city with all its lawful rights, a crest, seal, town hall and fortifications. Wacław IV has winded up the residence of Komtur in 1411 and then the city becomes a private ownership. A family of Veimitilów become the owners of the town and the castle in 1411 and they rearrange the Komtur’s center for the nobility’s residence which becomes the symbol of power over the city. The city starts to fund churches, public buildings and tenancy houses what increases its importance.
Une ville gauloise cachée dans la foret – l’exploration et la mise en valeur de l’oppidum de Bibracte (France)
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2018) Ayache, Laïla; Skowron, Katarzyna
Bibracte-Centre archeologique Europeen is a complex comprising an archaeological site and a Research Centre and Museum, located in the Morvan Regional Park (France). The location of the complex is determined by the fortified Celtic settlement, identified with the oppidum of Bibracte, located on Mont Beuvray. The inauguration of the Bibracte-Centre archeologique Europeen took place in 1995. The Research Centre is responsible for excavations on the oppidum, the storage of artefacts, and creating space for archaeological research. The excavations carried out in Bibracte offer a convenient opportunity to organise field practice for students of archaeology. Open internships organised in the course of the entire year are a complement to summer excavations. Bibracte is a place of scientific meetings and cooperation for European researchers. The educational packet dedicated to visitors is also noteworthy.
Using Geografic Information System (Gis) Tools to Determine the Settlement Preferences in the Upper Wisłoka Valley and to Demarcate Potential Archeological Sites on the Example of Early Medieval Sites
(Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, 2017) Szmyd, Piotr
The article’s objective is to conduct a diagnosis of early medieval settlement and to determine settlement clusters and preferences. The analysis results enable the preparation of maps depicting potential sites. The basic source for the data used in the analyses consists of information collected since the 1970s within the framework of the nationwide Polish Archaeological Record (PAR) project. The data have been subjected to analyses using Geographic Information System tools, such as QGIS, GRASS GIS or Saga GIS.