Przeglądanie według Temat "Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture"

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Bacterial Endospores as an Additional Source of Archaeological Knowledge in the Analysis of a Burial Cemetery of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian Culture in Dębina (SE Poland)
(the Authors, 2023-12-29) Trybała-Zawiślak, Katarzyna; Potocki, Leszek; Czopek, Sylwester; Ząbek, Tomasz
Archaeological studies need to use laboratory techniques, including analytical methods like Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, gas chromatography – mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography, as well as genetic methods to resolve and verify scientific hypotheses. However, additional tools are still needed in the case of the cultural practices and traditions of ancient societies. Archaeological examinations of cultural practices have made significant progress in recent years, but additional tools are still needed to fully understand the complexity and diversity of these practices. In this work, we demonstrate how the genotyping of soil bacteria that can produce endospores is a potentially additional method for discovering past funeral rituals in various human populations who used food during their ceremonies. Endospores were isolated from soil samples taken from inside earthenware cup and pot-type vessels from a burial ground identified with the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture (SE Poland). The detected species of spore-forming bacteria strains were mostly environmental (originating from soil and / or water). However, the presence of some of the taxa i.e. (Peanibacillus, Bacillus) may provide a valuable source of archaeological information. We found that a combination of molecular and microbiological analysis can support archaeological studies of burial grounds and – in particular – individual graves, especially when they are characterized by a complete lack of bones.
Gliniane przedmioty zoomorficzne ze stanowiska w Korczowej 22, pow. jarosławski
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2021) Jabłkowski, Michał
During the motorway excavations carried out in 2010 in Korczowa, Jarosław dist., site 22, two zoomorphic items made of clay were discovered. These are: a fragment of a pendant and a fragment of a figurine. Figurative representations discovered at archaeological sites are associated with all possible forms of art. They are interpreted as objects of cult significance, children’s toys or manifestations of the magic sphere. The popularity of these representations and the influences of the „Eastern” cultures, especially the forest-stepped zone of the Scythian cultural circle, on the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture suggest that both the pendant and the figurine from site 22 in Korczowa should be associated with aforementioned cultural provenance.
Materiały kultury trzcinieckiej i tarnobrzeskiej kultury łużyckiej ze stanowiska Wierzawice 4, pow. leżajski w świetle analiz archeologicznych
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2016) Adamik, Joanna; Burghardt, Marcin; Rajpold, Wojciech
The subject of the present article is to describe the materials of the Trzciniec culture (KT) and the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture (TKŁ) coming from the studies conducted by K. Moskwa in 1978 and K. Ormian in 2001 at the site Wierzawice 4. KT materials, coming from this site, are represented by settlement features and sherds of pottery which can be dated to the classical phase of this culture. While TKŁ materials are represented by 23 burial complexes (21 urn cremation burials, single urnless cremation and inhumation burials) dated to I phase and the beginning of II phase of this culture, whereas the younger settlement materials came from III phase.
Nowe materiały funeralne ze stanowiska 18 w Wierzawicach, pow. leżajski w ujęciu archeologicznym i antropologicznym
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie; Instytut Archeologii UR; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; Oficyna Wydawnicza „Zimowit”, 2015) Ocadryga-Tokarczyk, Ewelina; Rogóż, Joanna; Tokarczyk, Tomasz
The aim of this paper is to present new materials from Wierzawice site 18, Leżajsk County. They were discovered during the archaeological supervision carried out by the Foundation for Archaeological Centre in Rzeszów in 2014. As a result, six graves were examined. Four of them were undoubtedly cremation burials – one without an urn, the other three urned burials and presumably one skeletal burial. They are supplemented by the findings from completely damaged graves. Cremated bones were examined anthropologically. These materials should be associated with the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture and dated back to the Bronze Age and the early Iron Age.
Osada tarnobrzeskiej kultury łużyckiej w Wietlinie Pierwszym, stanowisko 1, gmina Laszki
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2023-12) Dębiec, Maciej
Rescue archaeological research in Wietlin Pierwszy (site No. 1), which took place in 2023, led to the discovery of 18 archaeological features. Based on the material evidence, most of them can be associated with the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. In addition to ceramics from the Early Iron Age, several fragments of vessels related to the Funnel Beaker culture were also found in secondary deposits. The materials obtained during the excavations confirmed the previously established chronology of the site based on surface research and revealed its scientific potential (the frequency of earthen features and relatively abundant movable material) for studying the Early Iron Age in the valleys of the Szkło and San rivers.
Osada z epoki brązu i wczesnej epoki żelaza na stanowisku Tarnobrzeg 5
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Rajpold, Wojciech
Archaeological research at the site Tarnobrzeg 5 site was carried out by Jan Gurba and Marek Florek in 1992, uncovering settlement materials of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture (TLC) and the Trzciniec culture (TC). The latter were not very numerous and representative, so they did not give grounds for a specific determination of the chronology. Undoubtedly, the most interesting artefact was a bronze sickle with a knob, referring to the III and IV period of the Bronze Age. The TLC materials, which almost entirely can be referred to the III phase of its development, turned out to be crucial for determining the chronology of the site. In terms of pottery forms, the most numerous were egg-shaped pots with holes under the edge of the rim, finger hollows and plastic strips. An interesting form was also a bowl on an empty leg. Both egg-shaped pots and a bowl with an empty leg may be evidence of Eastern cultural influences. It is also worth noting two fragmentarily preserved vases, which – as it seems – can be dated to the turn of the II and III phases of the TLC, which would indicate the existence of chronologically older material. Bronze and iron tweezers have also been recorded here, which may document the dissemination of iron.
Pochówki tarnobrzeskiej kultury łużyckiej ze stanowiska nr 4 w Wierzawicach, gm. Leżajsk, woj. podkarpackie w aspekcie badań antropologicznych
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2016) Rogóż, Joanna
Wierzawice site 4, Leżajsk County, Podkarpackie Voivodeship belongs to the number of sites – graveyards – of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture on Podkarpacie. It was examined several dozen years ago, but only recently it was studied archeologically and anthropologically in detail. On the graveyard 21 cremation burials were discovered. Cremated remains were analysed in terms of the number of individuals, age and sex of the dead, bone pathology. Preserved fragments were also characterized as regards their quantity, quality, degree of burn. Several graves turned out to be particularly interesting. The only double grave may be regarded as a model in the context of the inference about the number of individuals. Then, while the thorough overview of bones, the track of degeneration on a small piece of vertebrae was noticed.
Próba klasyfikacji typologicznej glinianych przęślików tarnobrzeskiej kultury łużyckiej
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2021) Jabłkowska, Aleksandra
The aim of the article is to present an attempt at typological classification of clay spindle whorls of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. It is a closely related category with textiles, but still quite often marginalized by archaeologists in the studies of the excavation materials. It is probably the effect of their commonness and obvious purpose. In opposition to such perception of this category of sources, a much broader aspect of the role of spindle whorls in phenomena of sociocultural and economic importance will be presented. Spindle whorls can be a starting point for research on the recognition and reconstruction of the weaving of the population of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture, research on the chronology and cultural relations of the described taxonomic unit as well as research on its rituals and social structures.
Siedliska, stanowisko 10 – osada z wczesnej epoki żelaza
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie; Instytut Archeologii UR; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; Oficyna Wydawnicza „Zimowit”, 2015) Skowron, Katarzyna
Site no. 10 in Siedliska, community Lubenia, district Rzeszów, is situated near the northern border of the Dynowskie Foothills. The relics of settlement of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture were located on the north-eastern edge of the slope and a small valley of the watercourse, which is a right side tributary of the Wisłok. In an earlier phase of the settlement there is a dominance of the south, Carpathian elements, associated with the communities representing the Post Gava model of the culture. In younger materials, strong Eastern influences of the circle of the Scythian culture are visible. It is difficult to decide whether the situation observed by us is the result of the movement of the whole population, infiltration by individual representatives of other cultures, imports, a local imitation, or perhaps reminiscence of a certain cultural patterns. The time of functioning of the settlement in Siedliska can be included in the period from the late 8th to the end of the 6th century BC.
Statystyczna analiza zespołów grobowych z cmentarzyska tarnobrzeskiej kultury łużyckiej w Kłyżowie, pow. stalowowolski
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2016) Bobak, Dariusz; Trybała-Zawiślak, Katarzyna
This paper is intended to provide a statistical analysis of burial complexes from the cemetery of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture in Kłyżów. The analysis aimed to verify the findings regarding the division of inventories into groups (chronologically relevant) by means of traditional “intuitive” methods based on typological analysis of complexes. Moreover, an attempt to indicate the coexistence of particular artefacts was made and individual characteristics of human remains in given complexes. The conducted analyses confirmed the earlier (made by the use of traditional methods) division of inventories into the groups and they allowed us to observe certain rules of coexistence of various types of artefacts in burial complexes.
Szpile w tarnobrzeskiej kulturze łużyckiej. Przyczynek do badań nad ich związkiem z wiekiem i płcią oraz rozważania na temat pojawienia się żelaza
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2017) Rajpold, Wojciech
The purpose of the text below is an attempt to present changes in the distribution of bronze and iron pins in the area occupied by the population of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. Based on these changes, an issue of iron will be investigated. Pins are the only objects in the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture TLC, which were made on a larger scale from both bronze and iron. Therefore, considering this issue in terms of settlement archaeology, as well as a view at its cultural conditions, it may provide interesting information about the changes introduced by the appearance of iron. In the course of the research the division of pins into individual subgroups was made and the relationship between the type of these pins together with their size in the light of age and gender of the deceased was analyzed. The article will discuss both the issues of changes that were caused by the appearance of iron, and the relationship of the pins with age and the gender of their users.
The size and structure of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture population
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Czopek, Sylwester; Trybała-Zawiślak, Katarzyna
Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture is a cultural unit distinguished in south-eastern Poland, spanning from the middle Bronze Age to the early Iron Age (and thus roughly from the 14 th /13 th to the 5 th /4 th century BC). One of its most characteristic features are large crematory cemeteries (the largest consisting of more than a thousand tombs), utilized for many centuries. For many of them, apart from standard archaeological information, we also possess anthropological analysis, perfect for demographic considerations. One can specify the size and structure of the population which used the cemetery, as well as study the dynamics of changes in the course of a long period of burying the dead in the same place. Such an analysis in the form of social microstructure research is the basis of inference at a higher level, including mesoregions settlement, characterized by a network of co-occurring cemeteries and accompanying settlements. The sum of these observations, in turn, allows us to estimate the number of people living in the territory assigned to Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. At each level of inference in terms of population size, a crucial role is played by possibly the most accurate and precise estimation of time of cemetery usage or the presence of settlements in the analyzed region.
THERMOLUMINESCENT DATING OF THE LATE BRONZE AND EARLY IRON AGE POTTERY ON SITES IN KŁYŻÓW AND JAROSŁAW (SE POLAND)
(Springer, 2013) Czopek, Sylwester; Kusiak, Jarosław; Trybała-Zawiślak, Katarzyna
The absolute chronology of Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Polish territories is a result of long-term and complex research. Here, we have investigated the absolute dating of two sites, namely Kłyżów, a cemetery of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture, and Jarosław, a settlement spanning from the late phase of the former to Pomeranian culture, possibly with Jastorf elements. Having been spurred by promising results of thermoluminescence (TL) dating of medieval and Przeworsk materi-als, we have employed it in those situations, where no other chronometric methods seem to be effi-cient. TL dating has been combined with typological analysis of the dated pottery and, partially, with radiocarbon method. Albeit the produced TL dates do not represent the level of sought-for fine chron-ological resolution, they indicate the temporal trends and corroborate the typological research. Our study has shown the potential of TL dating for periods with plateaus on 14C calibration curve. We also have dealt with unexpected TL ages and suggested some solutions of the problem. Finally, we have demonstrated that the condition sine qua non for archaeological interpretation of TL dates is a thor-ough stylistic-chronological analysis of dated pottery and clear understanding of relations between chronometric dates and the archaeological event to be dated.
Wielokulturowe stanowisko w Wysokiej, stan. 1, pow. łańcucki – wyniki badań sondażowych z 1995 roku (analiza obiektów nieruchomych i źródeł ceramicznych)
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2022-12) Adamik-Proksa, Joanna
The aim of the article is to present and analyse immovable finds and ceramic materials of the Mierzanowice, Trzicniec and Tarnobrzeg Lusatian cultures collected from site No. 1 in Wysoka, coming from trial excavations carried out in 1995. The uncovered ceramics indicate typical characteristics of the late phase of the Mierzanowice culture, the classical stage of development of the Trzciniec culture and the oldest phase of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. Research results in Wysoka, site 1 has also provided very important data on the specificity of settlement in the area of the Rzeszów Foothills.
Wyniki ratowniczych badań przeprowadzonych na wielokulturowym stanowisku w Łowcach, stan. 17, gm. Chłopice, pow. jarosławski
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie, 2019) Głowacz, Michał; Szpila, Marcin
This article presents the results of rescue excavations carried out in 2018 at the multicultural archaeological site Łowce 17, Jarosław district, in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The site is situated on the extreme promontory of the loess lobe, extending at an altitude of 210 m above sea level. From the south, it is surrounded by the Łęg Rokietnicki River. Its riverbed runs through the valley, located 10 m below the site. Subsequently groups of features were presented according to their probable function and then results of the analysis of artefacts were shown, discovered both in the cultural layer and feature fills. The archaeological exploration extended on the area of 1 are. As a result, 20 features were unearthed and numerous artefacts were obtained. Three chronological, cultural levels were distinguished at the site: the Funnel Beaker culture, the Mierzanowice culture and the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture.
Zabytki brązowe a archeologia osadnictwa na przykładzie Polski południowo-wschodniej
(Muzeum Okręgowe w Rzeszowie; Instytut Archeologii UR; Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego; Oficyna Wydawnicza „Zimowit”, 2015) Rajpold, Wojciech
The following text refers to the distribution of bronze artefacts in Podkarpacie during the development of the Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture. The author tries to distinguish the areas of sites containing such items. He also presents the differences between the number, arrangement and type of sites within each of these clusters.
Zwischen der Chronologie und Funktion. Horizont (?) der Gräber mit Glasperlen auf den Gräberfeldern der späten Phase der Tarnobrzeg — Lausitzer Kultur
(Instytut Archeologii i Etnologii PAN, 2011) Czopek, Sylwester
Author considers chronology and social interpretation of graves with glass beads on cemeteries of the late phase of Tarnobrzeg Lusatian culture in south-eastern Poland. He recognizes them as a ritualized reflection of higher social status heritage among some mothers and daughters. Probably it functioned only during a short piece of time at the end of Hallstatt Period and/or at the beginning of La Tène Period of the Iron Age.