UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences nr 4(21)/2021

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/7251

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Przeglądanie UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences nr 4(21)/2021 według Temat "II wojna światowa"

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  • Obrazek miniatury
    Pozycja
    Endeavours to intensity agricultural production in Austrian Galicia during World War II
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kłusek, Mirosław
    The most negative factors having affected the effectiveness of agricultural production in Austrian Galicia were both the unprofitable agrarian structure and the structure of use of arable land, and also the lack of modernisation of the agricultural production process. This situation contributed to the emergence of the extensive nature of the agricultural production and its low efficiency. After the German Reich had captured Western Galicia in 1939, and Eastern Galicia in 1941, the maximum intensification of agricultural production of this region was set as a primary goal. This was planned to be achieved by the mechanisation of the production process and improvement of the agricultural industry, followed by the growth of fertilisation and chemical treatment of crops, land improvement and the restructuring of arable land. In addition to this, farmers’ education and the consolidation of agricultural holdings were schemed along with the dissemination of high yielding varieties of grains and root crops, horned cattle and pig husbandry. The aim of the German actions listed above was to supply the Wehrmacht with food, and in a broader perspective to prepare the land for German colonization following the ultimate German victory.
  • Obrazek miniatury
    Pozycja
    Organisation of Lublin confinement institutions in 1939–1944 within the ramifications of the German security apparatus
    (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Michniowski, Marcin
    The aim of the article is to present the confinement institutions set up in Lublin in 1939–1944 by the German occupier, and to analyse the organisational aspects of their functioning in the operational context of various agencies of the security system of the Third Reich and the General Government. The first part of the essay consists of background information necessary to conduct the analysis – exposition of the administrational division of Polish territory after the September campaign and the structure of the security apparatus introduced by the German occupier. In the main body, three main stages of establishment of the confinement institutions are outlined, based on the comparison of the circumstances influencing their formation. Simultaneously, their official subordination to appropriate agencies of the security system is shown, what is compared to the actual dominance of various parties over different prisons and camps. As such, it is possible to present the whole segment of the German occupational system, from two distinctive perspectives: existence of a series of suitable institutions serving specific roles in order to strengthen the occupier’s control over the Polish population, and the competition of respective agencies of the German security apparatus over the masses of prisoners.