Tematy i Konteksty 11(16) 2021

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/7160

Przeglądaj

Aktualnie wyświetlane 1 - 20 z 42

Biedermeierowskie świadectwo zarazy – „Granit” Adalberta Stiftera
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Mazur, Aneta
The following article is an introduction to the Adalbert Stifter’s short story entitled “Granite” in Polish translation. The article explains the political and cultural origin of the work, its poetical form, its ethical and philosophical meaning. The “Granite”, included in the short story collection (Colorful Stones, 1853) is considered to be an important declaration of Biedermeier movement in Austria, its aesthetic as well as its ethic tradition, manifest of which was so-called „Gentle Law” (das sanfte Gesetz), i.e. an ordered existence harmony and an unspectacular, daily practising the humanism in the personal, country and social life. In Stifter’s piece it concerns also an extraordinary case of the epidemic, which did plagued the Bohemian countryside in the 18th century. The story plot being based on local oral tradition, presents how adult’s and children’s characters react the hazards and challenges they must confront during the illness. Playing with several allusions (such as biblical, philosophical, scientific, legendary ones) the “Granite” concludes with two distinctive thesis: the only way to survive the plague is acting with human dignity and altruistically; the survive means an irrational and paradoxical experience. The „epidemic” motive – due to historical fact, at the same time the figure of a catastrophe, of a test, of an initiation into dark rules of history and nature as well – is sophisticatedly articulated, using different text construction, plot and narrative levels or implied meanings of the work (the titel motive of „granite”, a motive of volcanic catastrophe, plays a role in all of them). There is a kind of misterious interpretative ambiguity in Adalbert Stifter’s work till now – “Granite” is to understand as a Biedermeier idyll; as an evidence of author’s world view; as a documented case of the epidemic in Boccaccio style; as a parable about humanity at the crucial moment of the life; and, finally, as a short story masterpiece.
Panegiryk z epidemią w tle. Ignacego Szydłowskiego „Oda na pamiątkę urodzin doktora Jennera, wynalazcy wakcyny, obchodzoną przez Cesarskie Towarzystwo Medyczne w Wilnie d. 6 maja 1820”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Podolska, Paulina
The text concerns the “Ode in Memory of Doctor Jenner, the Inventor of the Vaccine, Celebrated by the Medical Association in Vilnius…” [pol. „Oda na pamiątkę urodzin doktora Jennera, wynalazcy wakcyny, obchodzoną przez Cesarskie Towarzystwo Medyczne w Wilnie…”], written in 1820 by forgotten Lithuanian poet, Ignacy Szydlowski. This poem, delivered in front of the Medical Association in Vilnius and reprinted at least fourfold, was dedicated to the memory of the English doctor and originator of vaccination against smallpox. Therefore, it belongs to the post-partition poetry devoted to works of famous personalities of the world of science. The article includes analysis and interpretation of Szydłowski’s poem in the light of Polish and European encomiastic tradition. The primary aim of this consideration is to show the real implication that panegiryc poetic have on literary image of epidemic.
Trzy oblicza listu
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kopa, Dawid
The article aims at a critical analysis of materials included in the eighth volume of “Epistolografia w dawnej Rzeczypospolitej” [Epistolography in the Former Republic of Poland]. It is a series edited by the academics from the Pedagogical University in Krakow: Piotr Borek and Marcel Olma. The eighth volume has been co-edited by Marcin Piątek. The monograph adopts a scientific approach to epistolography, analysing it from three perspectives, namely literary, linguistic and historical.
Metodologia śledztwa w poszukiwaniu biografii Jerzego Siewierskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kościelniak, Milena
The history of literature, like human memory, can be as selective as it is unreliable, which means that many authors of every epoch disappear into the darkness of oblivion. A researcher’s task is to restore the memory of those whose works he or she finds valuable or interesting enough to want to study. The present text deals with Jerzy Siewierski, a largely forgotten writer of post-war Poland and a silent co-founder of the flagship magazine “Współczesność,” in an attempt to reconstruct the biography of the Warsaw-based writer. This work on restoring Siewierski is carried out using methods close to those used by readers of detective novels – after all, the writer himself became famous for them in communist Poland. Thus, we study archival traces, i.e. the traces left by the author himself as well as those that were left by him without his will. Parallel to the archival research, witnesses so people who knew Siewierski and remember him, are being “interviewed”. What emerges from these interviews is a perverse, intelligent, and interesting figure, both significant and in the shadow of the great revolutions. Interestingly, certain elements of the writer’s self-creation allow us to look for subtle connotations with the father of the detective novel, Arthur Conan DoyleThese observations are all the more interesting and valuable for literary research because no comprehensive study of Jerzy Siewierski has been written before, and most information about him comes from the Siewierski family archives, conversations with his relatives, and memorabilia left by the writer.
Sprawy Czesława Miłosza w zapiskach osobistych Marii Dąbrowskiej i Anny Kowalskiej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Głębicka, Ewa
One of the threads of the dailies and the correspondence of Maria Dąbrowska and Anna Kowalska published so far in excerpts is the so-called “Miłosz’s case”. The poet became the cause of a conflict between these two writers of a purely personal nature, which also influenced their evaluation of the poet’s work and life decisions. They also referred to Czesław Miłosz’s decision in 1951, when he applied for asylum in France, which was perceived by many in the literary and political circles both in Poland and abroad as an act of treason. The article shows some of the less known circumstances of the complicated “Milosz’s life affairs” from those years, seen from the perspective of both writers and their immediate environment.
Trąd w porządku teologicznym „Zwiastowania” Paula Claudela
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kucab, Mateusz
The article analyses the issue of leprosy as a sign of accepting God’s will, which comes from the order of faith and is far from rational. Being infected with the disease by the main character symbolizes the boundless trust of Providence and the recognition of her life calling. Although affliction is a source of exclusion and fear from the community, for the girl it is an expression of love and an honor to participate in the Creator’s plan. Leprosy, causing great medieval epidemics, is not only important for the dramaturgy, but also for the ideological significance of the work, which is helped by the references to the philosophical writings of Paul Claudel.
Literackie obrazy epidemii o proweniencji szkolnej z XVII i XVIII wieku (wybrane zagadnienia)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Mieszek, Małgorzata
The subject of the article are literary images of the epidemic contained in works originating from the academic environment. Among the analysed texts are occasional works devoted to students who died due to the plague (a sermon by a Dominican, Michał Wojniłowicz; a poem in poem by a professor of the Krakow Academy – Paweł Zapartowic). They fit into the panegyric convention, but at the same time revealed the medical awareness of the time (symptoms of infection, hygienic and medical procedures conducted on the patient) and the personal involvement of the teachers. The second group of analysed texts consists of plays staged on the Piarist and Jesuit colleges’ stages. They are related to the cult of „the plague saints”. They also deal with the theme of plague as a form of punishment for sins that affects some antagonists. In some plays, personifications of natural disasters and epidemics are used. The article revealed that there were relatively few literary images of the plague related to the academic environment. The causes of epidemics and the methods of their prevention were much more often mentioned in handbooks and calendars, available to the general public. The community of students and teachers was rather active in the religious field, acting in associations and congregations, as well as participating in propitiatory services and processions.
The International Potential of the Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel – a Review of Grażyna Borkowska and Lidia Wiśniewska’s (eds.) “Another Canon: The Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel in World Context”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Rokosz, Elżbieta
The article is a review of “Another Canon: The Polish Nineteenth-Century Novel in World Context”, edited by Grażyna Borkowska and Lidia Wiśniewska, published in 2020 by Lit Verlag, Switzerland within the “Polonistik im Kontext” series. The first part of the monograph includes articles that provide a reinterpretation of selected novels (including Krasicki’s “The Adventures of Mr. Nickolas Wisdom”, Orzeszkowa’s “On the Niemen”, and Sienkiewicz’s “Without Dogma”) in relation to the main currents of world literature. The second part focuses on the reception of selected nineteenth-century Polish novels in Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Russia, France, Spain, the United States, and Great Britain. The publication is aimed at raising the interest of non-Polish recipients in the nineteenth-century novels during a period when twentieth and contemporary Polish literature has already gained relative popularity abroad.
Dzielnica, ale jaka? Kilka uwag o epitetach określających getto warszawskie
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Witkowska-Krych, Agnieszka
The text is an attempt of presenting and analyzing the linguistic landscape connected with describing and/or precising the features of the Warsaw Ghetto, i.e. Jewish closed residential area in Warsaw, created by the Germans in 1940 for more than four hundred thousand Jews. The most frequent phrase that was replacing the word „ghetto” was the formulation „Jewish residential district”, which was the direct translation of the German term „Jüdischer Wohnbezirk”, officially used to name this particular area. A collection of epithets that accompany the word „district”, found in the historical sources, both of Jewish and Polish origin, written during the war or many years after the war had ended, coming from various sematic fields, show the attitude of the speaker or writer to this new topographic solution, that not only divided the city, but also stigmatized and separated physically its inhabitants.
The Language of Fear in Children’s Literature: A Case Study of Ted Hughes’s Poems for Children
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Chrzanowska-Kluczewska, Elżbieta
The article tackles the issue of the language of fear exploited in children’s literature, taking Ted Hughes’s Nature poems for young readers as the object of analysis. It presents a perspective of linguistic stylistics and literary semantics and as such is not meant to be a critical literary evaluation of Hughes’s poetry. Rather, it focuses on linguistic instruments of creating the aura of fear in children’s poetry and their cognitive import. The author has chosen a neuroscientific paradigm for the two closely related emotions – fear and anxiety – as propagated by American researcher Joseph LeDoux, most prominently in his work “Anxious” (2015). LeDoux maintains that the feeling of fear is not inborn but rather a cognitive construct emergent from the use of one’s native language practiced within a particular socio-cultural context. The unique atmosphere of Hughes’s poetry has been achieved by a rich lexicon of fear-related notions and a skillfully applied figuration (anthropomorphisms, similes). His poetic imagery powerfully complements the vocabulary and troping in calling to life fictional worlds, often uncanny and menacing, remote from the young readers’ experience. The author of this article perceives in the lexicon, figuration and multimodal imagery (both verbal and visual, the latter realized as illustrations in picture-books) an important didactic device that teaches children how to manage fearsome experiences. This capability will also prepare children to face anxiety, an emotion typical of adult life and related mostly to existential problems.
„Parthenopea lues”, czyli o ostatecznym rozstaniu z Lidią. Glosa do elegii III 17 Jana Kochanowskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Rusnak, Radosław
The author gathers and scrutinizes the cases in which Jan Kochanowski, the most prominent poet of the Polish Renaissance, mentions Naples or Campania, one of his destinations while travelling through Italy in 1555. One of the designations in question appears to be „Parthenopea lues” from his Latin elegy III 17, a periphrastic term for syphilis, a disastrous veneral disease which truly decimated the population of then Europeans. It’s mentioned as part of a long tirade against a woman who, according to the poet’s wishes, is going to pay high price for her wrongdoings, especially those against love. The ultimate punishment she will suffer, right before immersing herself in the abyss of Tartarus, will be, devastating for her health, „morbus gallicus”. The paper ponders on the right identification of the female protagonist of the elegy, taking into consideration the existing theories about it as well as comments on a peculiar name syphilis was given by the poet and the medical knowledge he shares with a reader.
Morowe powietrze w perspektywie uniwersalnej: Kronika, to jest historyja świata (1564) Marcina Bielskiego
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Śnieżko, Dariusz
The article deals with the informations of pestilences in Chronicle that is the History of the Whole World (1564) by Marcin Bielski. The following issues have been taken under examination: ranges of pestilences, their causes, the ways of therapy, metaphors of infections, narrative forms of records and their modalities.
Odbiór medialny i społeczny filmu Joanny Kos-Krauze i Krzysztofa Krauzego „Papusza” z 2013 roku
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Uljasz, Adrian
The film by Joanna Kos-Krauze and Krzysztof Krauze “Papusza” from 2013 is one of the main achievements in the recent history of Polish cinema. The creators took up a difficult topic for Poles and Roma. They referred to the negative image of the Roma community. They took up the popularization of the artist, not accepted by most compatriots. The work aroused great interest among viewers. “Papusza” has quite rich literature. However, the scientific issues that constitute the media reception of the work of J. Kos-Krauze and K. Krauze and its public reception were not undertaken. The article will discuss the press and metamedial internet reception of “Papusza”, including the issue of how this film will be received by viewers.
Leprosus i księżna. Pielęgnacja zakaźnie chorych w świetle dokumentów z procesu kanonizacyjnego św. Elżbiety Węgierskiej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Puchalska-Dąbrowska, Bernadetta M.
The aim of the article is to present the image of the care of the infectiously ill in the documents of the canonization process of St. Elizabeth of Hungary (1207–1231). The material under discussion includes the testimonies of the saint’s spiritual director Conrad of Marburg, her four servants and additional hagiographical material. The accounts made by direct observers of the duchess’ life emphasize the variety of forms of her involvement in the care of lepers and suffering from diseases that cause similar symptoms, arousing disgust in people from her surroundings. The narrative, rich in drastic details, plays the role of a hagiographic argumentatio illustrating the heroism of the central character of the testimonies.
Podmioty moralności. Studium porównawcze opowieści o mordercach („African Psycho’ Alaina Mabanckou i „American Psycho” Breta Eastona Ellisa)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Poręba, Izabela
The article is a comparative study of two stories about murderers, characters of the novels “African Psycho” (2003) by Alain Mabanckou and “American Psycho” (1991) by Bret Easton Ellis. The similarities in the construction of the main characters – fascination with popular culture, brutality and vulgarity, identity problems and interest in famous serial killers – are evidence of Mabanckou’s intertextual play with a popular American novel. The essence of this play, however, is rather the moments of distinguishing and negotiating with the original text, among them: cultural, social, economic and political differences in the construction of the world presented, different class positions and motivations for the actions of the murderers. The article investigates also the main characters’ capability to be subjects of moral judgements. Their specific mental state (biographical discontinuity, isolation, desire for evil) is evidence of „depowerment”. Therefore, their capacity for self-understanding and ethical responsibility is questioned.
Emila Ciorana filozofia człowieka
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Błaszczyk, Marek
The article presents a critical approach to “Podmiot w filozofii Emila Ciorana” by Mateusz Rura (Wydawnictwo UMCS, Lublin 2019). It discusses the main theses presented in the dissertation and invites to reflection on Cioran’s philosophy. The paper shows fundamental existential problems, such as self-consciousness, loneliness, suffering, despair, melancholy, suicide and fear of death.
Wywoływanie chorób przez czarownice – poglądy uczestnika procesów czarownic (przypadek Czarownicy powołanej)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Kochan, Anna
Published in 1639, the anonymous “Czarownica powołana” is a work addressed to judges dealing with proceedings in witchcraft cases. Its author, probably a clergyman, participated in such trials. Unlike many works of this kind, it did not encourage the tracking and killing of witches. “Czarownica powołana” belongs to a different trend and in many places is similar to the treatise of the German Jesuit Friedrich Spee, who was afraid of the rash condemnation of superstitious people who had nothing to do with practicing black magic. In “Czarownica powołana” the existence of witches and sorcery is not questioned, because it is considered to be a devilish science, which leads to making a pact with the devil with the ability to act in the world. Illness or death in connection with the accusation of witchcraft had serious consequences, including establishing who and how the witch had harmed. In the era of the plague epidemic, fear of strangers led to numerous massacres, especially in German cities, where the spread of the plague was explained more often than elsewhere by poisoning the wells by Jews, who were also burdened with engaging in magic and negotiating with the devil. The author was aware that some associate every disease with witchcraft. The devil can also cheat, making a person think that what he dreamed really happened, and people deluded by fantasies are willing to share these stories also in court during a trial. The author of “Czarownica powołana” was aware of this mechanism because he was concerned with the accusation itself (“powołanie”). In this context, “Czarownica powołana” – despite the author’s conviction about the existence of witches and their ability to cause disease and elementary disasters - is a progressive work, but this is evidenced by the lawyer’s dilemmas, not the priest’s fears.
Chorobotwórcza moc komet. O poszukiwaniu przyczyn morów w piśmiennictwie staropolskim
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Piskała, Magdalena
Rapidly spreading and ravaging diseases were not a rarity in Old Poland. The medical knowledge of the era could not properly explain the nature of infectious diseases and the mechanism of their spreading, so there were many different attempts at explaining their causes. Some suspected their enemies and infidels of poisoning air and water; others attributed pestilence to God’s wrath or to unfavourable configurations of heavenly bodies that were said to bring misfortune. The most devastating effects were attributed to comets; a comet’s appearance was seen either as a sign or as a cause of impending disasters, which, apart from pestilent air, included earthquakes, deaths of kings, wars, and tumults. Astrological explanation of the plagues proved to be very persistent and became a stock motif in the literature devoted to the subject, which, however, does not mean that it was accepted without criticism.
Kim był Bonawentura Pleciuch, autor wiersza „Prośba do Aniołów Stróżów, aby nas zachowali od gotycyzmu” (1822)?
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Pluta, Paweł
The purpose of this paper is an attempt to determine the authorship of a poem entitled “A Plea to Guardian Angels to save us from gothicism” published in 1822 under the pseudonym of Bonawentura Pleciuch. In my analysis I propose a hypothesis that the poem’s satirical tone and the place of its publication, local periodical “Krakus”, allow us to link it with the name of Konstanty Majeranowski. I discuss Majeranowski’s literary activity, paying special attention to his feature columns entitled “A Philospohical Scrap”, all of which in high probability suggests his authorship of “A Plea to Guardian Angels…”.
Wprowadzenie do „Za kulisami” Cypriana Norwida
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2021) Braun, Kazimierz
Kazimierz Braun introduces his stage adaptation of “Behind the Wings”, a drama considered the crowning achievement of the poet/playwright, Cyprian Norwid (1821–1883). Behind the Wings is composed of two parts. The action of one part takes place in the 19th Century in Warsaw. The other is situated in ancient Greece around the 7th Century BC. Both parts are bound by the structure of “theatre within theatre”, popularized by Shakespeare in Hamlet. The Danish Prince uses the production of “The Murder of Gonzago” to unmask the murderer King. The hero of “Behind the Wings”, Omegitt, uses his play Tyrtaeus to unmask the moral degradation of his contemporaries. The action of the entire play (composed of these two parts) takes place in a theatre, where, during a carnival ball, among other attractions, “Tyrtaeus” is performed. “Behind the Wings”, as many of Norwid’s works, was not published during the author’s life time and was preserved with significant loopholes. Thus, for a production of this play the existing text must be adapted and transformed into a working scenario. The article discusses major obstacles which hinder the entrance to the great and complex dramatic edifice of “Behind the Wings” – such as the problems of the multitude of the characters, and the specific use of space and time by Norwid. In addition to the analysis of “Behind the Wings”, Kazimierz Braun recalls his own works on this play, beginning by his studies of Polish Literature at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and at the Directing Department, Warsaw’s School of Drama. During his long career he directed fifteen productions of Norwid’s texts, both in theatres and in television in Poland. A literary adaptation and a miseen- scène project of “Behind the Wings” prepared by Kazimierz Braun was published in a book: Cyprian Norwid, “Za kulisami”, opracowanie literackie i inscenizacyjne Kazimierz Braun, Wydawnictwo Pewne, Kielce 2021.

Przeglądaj

Przeglądanie Tematy i Konteksty 11(16) 2021 według Data wydania