Polityka i Społeczeństwo nr 1(16)/2018

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/4136

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Modele biznesowe wytwórców energii w mikroinstalacjach a zmiany otoczenia prawnego w sektorze energetyki odnawialnej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Stopa, Monika; Soliński, Bartosz
The functioning of the energy industry is largely based on legal norms and energy policies, which set the direction and development of business opportunities. The everchanging energy law creates opportunities for manufacturers operating in the renewable energy sector to adapt quickly to new conditions. The article presents the influence of changes in the field of energy law – the Act on Renewable Energy Sources – on the need to change business models of companies (renewable energy producers) determining their strategy in the energy market. Due to numerous legal changes in Poland in recent years, entrepreneurs have been forced to update existing business models. This paper analyzes the impact of legal aspects on renewable energy business models by presenting their variants in the light of the changing energy law, the scale needed to introduce model changes and strategies for further effective functioning on the energy market, and above all adaptation to new regulatory requirements.
Neohumboldtowska koncepcja uniwersytetu wobec celów zrównoważonego rozwoju
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Kościelniak, Cezary
The aim of the paper is to show how the aims of the politics of sustainable development could be implemented within the organizational and cultural tasks of a university. The paper is based on the contemporary tradition, called here “neo-humboldtian model of a university”, which included three missions: education, research and “the third mission” – the service for the external stakeholders. Then, the article examines how the post-humboldtian university can implement the aims of sustainable development.
Alfred Lutrzykowski, Robert Musiałkiewicz I Fabian Nalikowski (red.): „Miasta Przyszłości. W poszukiwaniu nowego paradygmatu zarządzania i rozwoju”, Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa we Włocławku, Włocławek 2017, ss. 210
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Kotarba, Bogusław
Zastrzeżenia do decyzji Komisji Europejskiej z 28 października 2016 roku w sprawie zmiany zwolnienia dla gazociągu OPAL (sprawa C(2016)6950 final)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Zajdler, Robert
The investment process in gas infrastructure is often burdened with high investment costs and the risks associated with ensuring its viability. In order to achieve the public objective of security and stability of supply and competition in the natural gas market, while limiting the investment risk on the investor side of the new gas infrastructure, regulations have been introduced to allow the investor not to apply the legal requirements set out in Article 22 of Directive 2003/55/EC (amended by Article 36 of Directive 2009/73/EC) for a specified period of time and after fulfilment of the indicated requirements. The exemption granted by the European Commission to the OPAL gas pipeline by the decision of 28 October 2016 raises doubts as to the legal basis of such exemption and the fulfilment of the substantive conditions governing its granting. The article analyses the decision by criticizing the grounds and merits of its adoption.
Porównanie kultury strategicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych i Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Wójtowicz, Tomasz
Strategic culture in the theory of international relations is now one of the most important concepts explaining the rules of military behaviour by individual states. In contrast to realism and idealism, its focuses on the influence of internal factors on foreign policy, such as historical experience, national identity, morals in society, and perception of diplomacy by political elites. It therefore allows us to respond to many questions that researchers are not able to answer based solely on the theory of political realism ‒ the perception of national security threats by governments, the national way of war, the socially-acceptable level of victims, the attitude of armed forces to the use of new technologies, or trust to allies. The purpose of this article is to compare the strategic culture of the United States and the People's Republic of China ‒ states with significantly different strategic cultures, historical experience, national identity and methods of warfare. The content of this article may be useful to any person interested in Sino-American relations, political rivalry in the Western Pacific and a possible future war between these powers.
Polskie partie polityczne i ich wyborcy wobec związków partnerskich osób tej samej płci
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Tomczak, Łukasz; Zawadzka, Katarzyna
The article concerns attitudes of voters and political parties towards the right to civil partnerships for same-sex couples. Although, over the years, several attempts have been made to introduce draft laws on relationships in Poland, none of them was successful. The following political parties and groupings were analyzed: Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, Platforma Obywatelska RP, Nowoczesna of Ryszard Petru, KW Kukiz '15 and Koalicja Zjednoczona Lewica. Studies have confirmed that the portioning of support for the right to a same-sex registered partnership divides the Polish political scene. The position of the examined parties on the legalization of same-sex relationships coincides with the beliefs of voters. The majority of parties and voters of the left supported the right to enter into partnerships, right-wing parties and their voters were against.
Normatywne uwarunkowania procesu wdrażania transformacji energetycznej w Polsce na podstawie polityk energetycznych UE i Polski oraz wobec zagrożeń i wyzwań unijnego wewnętrznego rynku
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Marszałek, Marcin
This work endeavours to define energy policy, comprehended in our times in comparison to threats and challenges to the functioning of the energy sector within the EU internal market. Analysis of the legal of the manifestations (acts) of the national and EU energy policy, the relationships between the national energy policy focused on achieving national targets inside a member state, as well as the energy and climate policy of the EU, its interpretation and considered scenarios of a change indicate only a partial discrepancy of both policies, directions and action strategies defined in them, which are accompanied by implementation instruments. On a domestic basis the objective of the energy policy is to balance the efforts of the players in the energy market to maximise the achieved financial effect with the necessity of the stable functioning and development of energy companies, above all, manufacturers and operators of a system compliant with this policy on the one side and customers expecting low prices, reliability and stability of supplies on the other side. Development of production based on emission-free and low-emission technologies (including renewable energy sources, RES) seems to be a necessity resulting from the EU legislation. In this respect the EU energy policy and the Union political discourse explicitly present a strong commitment to the development of new manufacturing technologies, without any encouragement to restitute or develop technologies not based on RES or cogeneration. The strategic task of the state is to skilfully combine Union tendencies with the Treaty freedom of the state to define use of indigenous sources of primary energy and carefully considered support for the transformation of the national power industry.
Amerykańskie doświadczenia w wydobyciu gazu z łupków
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Tarnawski, Marcin
With a unique mix of innovation, entrepreneurship and favorable economic conditions, the United States has become the world's largest producer of crude oil and natural gas, and in the near future may become a key exporter of these commodities. Of course, this would not be possible if there were no huge resources in the American territory. However, advanced technology has enabled them to operate. The boom on unconventional raw materials, or rather raw materials extracted by unconventional methods, is so far an American specialty. Although many states have tried, and some continue to do so, no one has succeeded in repeating the success of American entrepreneurs. This work consists of three essential parts. The first concerns issues related to types of unconventional natural gas resources. The second involves the shale revolution in the United States. The third refers to the selected economic aspects of this revolution. The main thesis is that the experiences of the American Revolution are very difficult to replicate in other regions of the world. Due to the specifics of the US mining industry, the deregulated energy market and American legal solutions, it is difficult to expect a repeat of success.
Polityka energetyczna Polski wobec zagrożeń zmianami klimatu
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Błoch, Marcel
This article deals with Poland’s energy policy in the context of the threat of climate change. To this end, the definition of energy security has been used, which also combines ecological and economic security. In addition, the most important legal acts regulating energy policy are listed. The most important state strategies in energy policy have also been identified. Furthermore, national legislation has also referred to international agreements to protect the climate. Next, we analyzed the most frequently used sources of energy in Poland and those whose development is planned for the coming years. As a result of this analysis, energy sources that could provide Poland with energy security are identified. In addition, basic directions of changes in Polish law and policy have been proposed, which will allow for an increase in the use of energy from sources that can provide Poland with energy security.
Inicjatywa pasa i szlaku jako instrument wzmocnienia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego ChRL
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Świetnicki, Łukasz
The rapid growth of the Chinese economy that started in December 1978 resulted in the equally fast growth of energy consumption. As a result of this process China became the biggest producer and consumer of energy in the world. However, since 1991 the level of energy production fell behind the level of energy consumption; consequently, China became a net importer of energy. The disproportion between production and consumption grew significantly bigger over time, becoming a threat to further economic development. China became more and more dependent on external factors, such as the so-called Malacca Dilemma. Now, more than ever before, China needs to work on finding a way to ensure its energy security. It needs to focus its action on diversifying both its energy structure and sources of energy imports. This paper aims to examine how the Belt and Road Initiative, announced in 2013, can strengthen Chinese energy security. For this purpose, the author will present three selected cases related to Belt and Road Initiative: the issue of resolving the Mallaca Dilemma, the promotion of green technology, and the promotion of development of Chinese Western Regions, which in turn might result in further increases in the level of energy consumption.
Jacek Grębowiec: „Pragmatyka reklamy”, Universitas, Kraków 2017, 204 ss.
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Furman, Wojciech
Możliwości rozwoju magazynów energii w Polsce w perspektywie długoterminowej
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2018) Augustyn, Aleksandra; Mirowski, Tomasz
The EU climate policy assumes an increase of the renewable energy share in total energy generation to 27% by 2030 year. This step is a response to the climate change, based on the fact that the operation of renewable energy power plants is emission-free. However, it is important to note that electricity generation from renewable sources, mainly wind and photovoltaic, is highly dependent on atmospheric conditions, and is thus unreliable. As a consequence, the development of stable energy sources is required in order to guarantee energy security. Promising solutions include energy storage technologies. The power-to-gas systems may be deployed as adjuncts to wind parks or photovoltaic generation. The energy generated at the time of maximum sunshine or wind is accumulated and used at the moment of high electricity demand. The purpose of this article is to propose a location for the development of the Power-to-gas technology in Poland aiming to store energy derived from renewable energy sources.

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