Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia vol. 14 (2019)

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A Medieval Ships Crew and their Weapon: from Archaeological Material to Interpretations
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Valentyrova, Kateryna
Comprehensive research of artefacts has become the norm for modern archaeology. Archaeologist must pay attention to all aspects of the investigating problem and analyze material by means of methods from different branches of science. The Center for Underwater Archaeology of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv have been researching finds from a medieval Italian shipwreck since 1999, with a very interesting group of artefacts consisting of baselard type daggers. At the stage of interpretation, we decided to use methods which are characteristic of historical science, with a reconstruction of medieval people’s` perceptions of baselards forming the basis for it. The combination of data about the material object itself and its image (the concept of it) turned out to be useful for ensuring a clear interpretation of archaeological finds and even for the verification of some social reconstructions.
(review) P. Jarosz, J. Machnik and A. Szczepanek (eds.), „Nekropolie ludności kultury ceramiki sznurowej z III tysiąclecia przed Chr. w Mirocinie na Wysoczyźnie Kańczuckiej” [„Cemeteries of Corded Ware culture from 3rd millennium BC at Mirocin on Kańczuga Heights”] (= „Via Archaeologica Ressoviensia” 15). Rzeszów: Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 241 pages
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Skrzyniecki, Rafał
The Gumelnița culture settlements in the Prut-Dniester Rivers area, in light of old and new research from Taraclia I (Republic of Moldova)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Mistreanu, Eugeniu; Przybyła, Marcin M.
The discovery of the first Gumelniţa Culture settlements in the region between the Prut and the Dniester Rivers dates back to the 1960s and 1970s. Currently, thirty three settlements of this culture are known in the territory of Ukraine and Moldova. One of them, representing the Stoicani-Aldeni of Gumelniţa Culture variant, is located in Taraclia (Taraclia district, Republic of Moldova). It has been excavated since 1979. In the spring of 2018, magnetic research was carried out on the site. They revealed the presence of a fortification system surrounding an area of approximately 1.7 hectares. It consisted of two parallel ditches forming a quadrangular arrangement. Similar fortifications have been discovered on sites belonging to the Gumelniţa- Kodjadermen-Karanovo VI cultural complex, located in the South-Eastern European region.
Polychrome from the southern crypt of the church of the Holy Trinity in Byszewo in light of archaeological and conservation studies
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Nowak, Sebastian; Kaźmierczak, Adam
Polychrome on the vaults or walls of grave crypts are a rare category of finds and they are often accompanied by problems for specialist analyses or restoration. A composition of five images of religious and symbolic character was registered on a completely plastered barrel vault with lunettes in a crypt situated under the chapel of The Passion in postcistercian church of The Holy Trinity in Byszewo. Archaeological exploration of the crypt resulted in the excavation of 92 coffins of lay representatives – both adults and children. Burial and grave goods analyses confirmed that the crypt could have been erected in the middle of 18th century and used until the beginning of 19th century. Physicochemical tests and conservation analysis of the painting suggest that walls and the vault completing works could be continued in the time of intense use of the room as a burial place, and the present polychrome is probably the fourth layer of painting. The elements preserved until the present day might have been created between the 18th and 19th century.
Plant Identification and Significance in Funeral Traditions Exemplified by Pillow Filling from a Child Crypt Burial in Byszewo (18th/19th centuries)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Jarosińska, Marta; Nowak, Sebastian; Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M.; Badura, Monika
Plants have always played an important role in funeral customs. To understand their true meaning, close cooperation between the archaeologist and the archaeobotanist is needed, not only during the final interpretation, but from the very beginning, at the stage of collecting materials. In the article, plants’ identification, using both pollen and macroremains analysis, was described, based on one of the children’s burial from the Holy Trinity Church in Byszewo (18th/19th centuries). The filling of the coffin pillow consisted of numerous hop (Humulus lupulus) macroremains, the representation of which was very low in pollen sample. This is due to the fact that only female specimens of hop were inserted into the coffin. To determine the reason for using hops in funeral practices in Byszewo, ethnobotanical data was used. The following research indicates the need for the cooperation between two methods of plant identification. It will allow misinterpretations of botanical findings to be avoided.
Dating of the Mierzanowice culture settlement in Jarosław, site 158, Podkarpackie province, based on the results of radiocarbon analyses
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Pelisiak, Andrzej; Rybicka, Małgorzata
For the Mierzanowice culture from western Lesser Poland, the settlement in Iwanowice, Babia Góra site, is a chronological benchmark. A large number of datings obtained for objects from Jarosław, site 158, Podkarpackie province, provides grounds for treating that settlement as a model one in the eastern range of the Mierzanowice culture. The radiocarbon dating and ceramic design features allow them to be placed in a wide chronological frame of 2200–2000 BC.
Silk band and metal appliqués of a child’s bonnet from the northern crypt of the parish church in Gniew
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Grupa, Małgorzata; Łukaszewicz, Jadwiga W.
The number of archaeological explorations of churches has increased in recent years. Inside medieval or Baroque temples, researchers report much more favourable conditions for the preservation of various kinds of artefacts which have been placed inside coffins as grave goods, in particular organic materials such as silk, leather, and wood). Exploring the northern crypt of St. Nicolas church in Gniew, the researchers’ attention was focused on a child burial (aged 10–14). Despite the large number of exceptional finds supplied by this site, this one stood out as all the entire coffin space had been filled with silk bands and ribbons with green corrosion products on their surfaces. Preliminary examination showed that they were bunches of metal bands which had originally been meant to imitate plant branches. The decision was made to expand traditional technological analyses of archaeometrical tests of both textiles and metal appliqués. The material presented below is the first part of these analyses.
Modern Semi-Majolica and Glazed Ceramics from Rzeszów – Research on the Findings from the Archaeological Sites on 3 Maja Street
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Trąbska, Joanna; Kocańda, Paweł; Trybalska, Barbara
Steadily growing collection of modern ceramics of the present Podkarpackie Voivodeship, has not yet been fully documented. Historical research demonstrates that Rzeszów, located on the communication route with Russia, occupied a very important position in trade relations with the East and West. The archaeometric study was performed on two fragments of semi-majolica plates and six fragments of glazed jugs, pots and tripod vessels. Vessels were made of fine-grained paste of smectite/illite, kaolinite/illite and kaolinite/illite/smectite clay. The richness of colours and shades is surprising. In the case of semi-majolica, the underglaze paintings were made with the use of frit pigments, while the overglaze ornament was made with the use of Pb-P-Ca-Si paste. ‘Slip-painting’ technique was also used. Glazes were coloured with iron, copper and cobalt compounds of various combinations and concentrations which provided different shades. In the case of semi-maiolica quartz-argillaceous primer with a potassium-bearing substance was applied, surfaces under glazes were covered with flux-bearing substances.
Examining a scallop shell-shaped plate from the Late Roman Period discovered in Osie (site no.: Osie 28, AZP 27-41/26), northern Poland
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Sosnowski, Mateusz; Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M.; Czerniec, Jerzy
Research conducted using Airborne Laser Scanning methods in northern Poland allowed traces of a settlement from almost 2,000 years ago to be registered. The most valuable item found is a copper-alloy scallop shell-shaped plate which is still an unknown object in the cultural realities of the Roman Period in northern Poland. The results of pollen analysis of the material obtained during the cleaning of the found scallop shell-shaped plate indicate the dominance of herbaceous plants over the representation of trees in the vicinity of the archaeological site discussed. The advantage of synanthropic plants among herbaceous plants informs us about the open habitat communities formed as a result of human activity (fields, meadows, roads or ruderal areas).
The archaeometric, formal and stylistic analysis of a black-glazed fish-plate from the National Museum in Poznań
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Głuszek, Inga; Krueger, Michał
This paper presents the results of the XRF, formal and stylistic analyses of a black-glaze fish-plate from the National Museum in Poznań. A non-invasive portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) has been used to determine the chemical composition of the plate. Analysis of the shape and decoration provided data on the chronology, typology and provenance of the vessel. The obtained results were used to determine the possible region of the fish-plate’s production. The form of the fish-plate represents features characteristic for the early stage of Italian black-glaze production, which is combination of Athenian traditions with new solutions in terms of proportion and shape. The analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry data and comparative studies with already known results of the Italian black glaze pottery chemical analyses allowed the fish-plate to be identified as an example of the Campania A group from ancient Naples workshops, dated to the second half of the 4th century BC.
Remarks on using tools with truncated edges in the Lublin-Volhynian culture on the example of materials from site no. 7 in Las Stocki, Puławy County
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Mączyński, Piotr
This article tackles the issue of the use of truncations by the population of the Lublin-Volhynian culture. The corpus of sources for their analyses is a group of 27 tools discovered during the research of the Las Stocki settlement, site 7. Microscopic observation made it possible to separate a considerable group of artefacts bearing use-wear traces on their surfaces. The most numerous were items used for processing plant material and wood. Other activities, like processing stone/pottery, hide, and other unspecified materials were recorded sporadically. Another research problem was the attempt to reconstruct the biographies of the stone tools. The analyses indicated that the materials were only partly useful in the research. This was caused by the poor preservation state of the artefacts and of the recorded use-wear traces. Tackling this issue gave the best results in the case of items used for cutting siliceous plants, which undoubtedly resulted from the distinct character of such use-wear patterns.
(review) M. Grupa, T. Kozłowski, R. Jankauskas, D. Grupa, M. Krajewska, S. Krakowska, M. Majorek, J. Mosiejczyk, M. Nowak, S. Nowak, M. Przymorska-Sztuczka and A. Wojciechowska, „Tajemnice krypty w kaplicy św. Anny”. “Secrets of the crypt in St. Ann chapel”. Gniew (2015): Stowarzyszenie Centrum Aktywnych, pages 189
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Nowosad, Wiesław
Women’s shoes from the crypt of the church of the Name of the Holy Virgin Mary in Szczuczyn, Podlaskie Voivodship
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Kulesz, Aleksandra
During the inventory-arranging works inside the western and eastern crypts under the presbytery conducted in the church of The Name of the Holy Virgin Mary in Szczuczyn, two examples of women’s eighteenth-century shoes were found. The first specimen represents a slip-on, leather shoe decorated with silk ribbons. The second one belongs to the class of footwear with a textile upper fastened with a buckle. Excellent conditions prevailing in the crypts ensured that the artefacts have been preserved in very good condition. This permitted detailed research on the raw materials used in constructing the footwear to be conducted. Textiles, leather and wood were subjected to microscopic analysis.
The diversity of ceramic raw materials used in the production of Neolithic vessels in the upper Vistula basin near Krakow
(Autor, 2019) Rauba-Bukowska, Anna
Specialist analysis of ceramics helps to identify the raw material used for their production and to determine whether the material was chosen deliberately for its specific parameters. The present study of Neolithic vessels and of sampled raw materials has shown that Linear Pottery population tended to use plastic Miocene clay, but silty alluvial loam was equally popular. A comparison between the types of vessels and ceramic bodies has proven that thin-walled vessels were more often made of material with a high content of grains of silty fraction, while thick-walled vessels were usually shaped from heavy clay. This suggests that there were certain rules to be observed when preparing the paste, despite the local diversity of raw materials.
Identification of a fragment of an Early Bronze bone recovered from the Borownia striped flint mine in the Ostrowiec district (on the centenary of Polish research on prehistoric flint mining)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2019) Lech, Jacek; Makowicz-Poliszot, Danuta; Rauba-Bukowska, Anna
The site was discovered in 1921 and identified as a prehistoric striped flint mine in 1922. It is notable for its excellently preserved prehistoric industrial landscape, particularly discernible in the valley of the Kamienna river. It was excavated for the first time in 2017. In 2018, the site was nominated for inscription on the World Heritage List together with the Krzemionki Opatowskie mine. Flint artefacts and radiocarbon dates set its chronology as the Late Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age. No bones have been preserved from that period apart from a fragment of a long bone in two parts. Microscopic analysis of thin sections has identified the fragment as a bone of a red deer (Cervus elaphus). The article concludes with remarks about the 2019 centenary of research on prehistoric flint mining in Poland.