Tematy i Konteksty 4(9) 2014
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- PozycjaCo kryje się za słowem "quincunx"? Rzecz o konferencji pt. "Stanisław Orzechowski - pisarz polityczny. W pięćsetlecie urodzin"(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Magryś, RomanThe article presents a report on the scholarly meeting organized in Przemyśl, in October 2013 by Rzeszow University, Jagiellonian University and the Society of Science Lovers in Przemyśl, which was devoted to an eminent Polish Renaissance humanist Stanisław Orzechowski. It contains a brief review of all the papers delivered during the conference as well as a succinct sketch of Orzechowski’s biography, including his most significant literary accomplishments.
- PozycjaTryumf Taidy ogłoszony. O diariuszu obłóczyn u dominikanek lwowskich księżnej Teofili Wiśniowieckiej w 1753 roku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Kuran, MichałThe article presents the structure and main themes of the diary of the solemn investiture ceremony of Teofila Wiśniowiecka entitled "Tryumf troistej Łaski Boskiej" [“The Triumph of the Threefold Divine Grace”] from 1753. This literary work is presented against the background of monastic customs which accompany the investiture. Introduction of many persons served to commemorate their role in the ceremony and to praise the families they represented. The article describes the activities presented in the diary to announce the celebrations. The course of the events is pointed out considering the role of decorations which were especially stressed in the diary. The interior decorated with not only expensive materials and costly votive offerings but also flowers, which were appropriately lit, was accompanied by Baroque splendor with processional marches, the firing of cannons and the music performed by the duke’s band. Theatralization of the event is emphasized. The article considers the rhetorical structure of the speeches included in the diary (dispositio) and the main themes from the sphere of inventio. It also shows which elements of the event were not included in the diary. They were omitted because they did not comply with the rules of the ceremony (i.e. lack of secular speeches during the act of investiture). The investiture was shown as a special case of a rite of passage because it was a doyenne of the family who was joining the Order, not a young maiden. The act was important because while she was still alive she left inheritance to her descendants who felt obliged to pay tribute to her. The Order also accepted her with due respect as their protector and founder. Publication of the diary was intended to consolidate for posterity the information about the lavish celebration and spread knowledge of its course of events among magnates and gentry.
- PozycjaMiejsce elogium w wybranych ukraińskich traktatach retorycznych z końca XVII i z pierwszej połowy XVIII wieku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Cyganok, OlgaThe article gives evidence that elogium existed in the Old Ukrainian literature on the theory level (it has been discussed in at least fourteen handwritten Ukrainian textbooks of rhetoric from the late 17th and of the first half of the 18th centuries). They were mostly a reflection on elogium as a Baroque literary genre, sometimes elogium’s short and witty style (stylus elogiaris) was described. Elogia, historical and panegyric, existed both in the written and oral forms. Two senses of that term are sometimes indicated. Elogium in a broad sense meant praise or encomium, and in the narrow sense it was close to the Jesuit model of the genre. The examples given in textbooks, usually religious elogia, or texts offered to outstanding figures in ancient or modern times, refer (taking into account literary polemic with the Jesuits) to the ancient elogium or they are written following the pattern of the Jesuit elogium.
- Pozycja"Nazacniejsza Pieśń Salomonowa", czyli Pieśń nad pieśniami w przekładzie Biblii Brzeskiej(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Gołębiowski, Michał“The Noblest Song of Solomon” [“Nazacniejsza Pieśń Salomonowa”], or The Song of Songs [Pieśń nad pieśniami] in the translation of Brest Bible is an attempt to interpret various fragments of the biblical love dialogue with particular focus on the content of margins (comments) written by the editors of the Brest Bible. My analysis leads to the conclusion that for the 16th century Protestant exegetes allegoresis was the dominant method of reading The Song of Songs. Neverthless, in some of their philological intuitions the Brest Bible’s editors surprisingly agree with the findings of the 20th century Biblical Studies, especially in the case of the strictly erotic character of some allusive expressions, or associations with the symbols used in the Pentateuch.
- PozycjaPowstawanie lokalnych kultów maryjnych i świętych patronów na Rusi Czerwonej po najazdach tatarskich jako dyskurs religijny w Rzeczypospolitej epoki nowożytnej(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Gliwa, AndrzejFrom the late Middle Ages to the end of the 17th century the collective memory of the population in the south-eastern territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was shaped by the traumatic events associated with the Tatar invasions. An important part of that collective memory in this part of the Polish-Lithuanian state was religious discourse characterized by “the long term”, which was closely intertwined with the contemporary philosophy of history and the idea of providentialism. Durability and stability of this discourse in the historical and social perspective was a consequence of the cultural and religious alienation of the Tatars among the settled Christian communities and their of use of asymmetric warfare. Religious discourse manifested itself on the one hand in the rapidly growing Marian devotion, which resulted from the belief in the care of the Virgin Mary becoming over time more and more common in social consciousness, and on the other hand in the emergence of the cults of patron saints whose intercession was supposed to lead to supernatural interventions in defence of the faithful. In this way, religious discourse fulfilled a very important social role by strengthening psychological adaptation mechanisms, which played a key role in the communities affected by violence, mass terror and fear.
- PozycjaZbożni rycerze Wacława Potockiego i ich pierwowzory (wybrane przykłady)(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Krawiec-Złotkowska, KrystynaThe article is concerned with "Judyta", "Pojedynek..." and "Enchiridion militis Christiani…" – Potocki’s pieces, and works which inspired the poet to write them. The author focuses on two kinds of fight: spiritual and virtual, and on the characters who engage in the fight. Two kinds of pious knights are distinguished: the allegorical character, created in "Pojedynek…" and "Enchiridion…", based on the Erasmian topos militis Christiani, and the knight of God – disclosed in "Judyta", who has nothing in common with that topos. It is pointed out that anti-Turkish elements occur in "Enchiridion…". There are also analogies between the protagonists in these works and the knight of Christ from Piotr Skarga’s "Żołnierskie nabożeństwo" ["Soldiers' Devotions"]. It is stated that Potocki is Erasmian only to the extent that he refers to Arian ideology, and pious knights show existential dilemmas – especially their care for the country regarding various threats, including the Turks.
- PozycjaKilka uwag o "Pieśniach nabożnych" Franciszka Karpińskiego – aspekty językowe i kulturowe(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Ożóg, KazimierzThe paper proves the thesis proposed by literature historians which concerns the linguistic artistry, simplicity and great didacticism of "Pieśni nabożne" [“Pious Songs”], which, though aimed at the lower classes of society, in have been immensely popular for two centuries. It is in them that Karpiński managed to realize the Enlightenment postulates of work on language revival. Some of the songs are treasures of religiousness and Polish culture.
- PozycjaO religijnym piśmiennictwie "zegarowym” w polskich drukach z XVII i XVIII wieku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Malińska, AnnaThe article is devoted to the Polish religious printed matter from the 17th and 18th centuries (individual works and collections of texts), which shares the “clock” metaphor. The author focuses on Catholic and Arian literature, independent works and short forms, both poetry and prose. The texts analyzed are mostly pieces of advice and warnings helpful in the Christian life, centred around the Passion and funerals. The article presents the content, composition and function of these works, as well as the dual use of the clock theme in them: as an object which awakens and which measures time. The genological aspects of these works are also considered.
- Pozycja"Bezoar z łez ludzkich czasu powietrza morowego" Walentego Bartoszewskiego jako przykład "recepty dusznej i cielesnej” na czas zarazy(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Pasek, MonikaThe article constitutes an attempt to interpret a little known collection of poems by the Jesuit priest from Vilnius, whose publication was both the reaction to the outbreak of plague in Vilnius between 1629–1632 and the testimony of increased religiousness in the face of the epidemic. The author presents Walenty Bartoszewski and his poetic oeuvre. She briefly describes the social background of those events. Moreover, she characterizes other texts from the 16th –18th centuries that deal with the topic of the epidemic. They include: sermons, secular works, religious songs and prayer works. The core of the article constitutes the interpretation of the collection by Bartoszewski in the context of the most important elements of the volume "Bezoar z łez ludzkich…" [”The Bezoar of Human Tears in the Time of the Plague”], which are as follows: the indication of religiousness at the beginning of the 18th century, the realities of the epidemic in a lyrical work, the vision of God and Christ, protection of the faithful against the bubonic plague, and the intercession of Mother of God.
- PozycjaPrzejawy sarmackiej religijności w relacjach cudzoziemców odwiedzających Rzeczpospolitą w XVIII wieku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Piotrowiak, DariuszThe main purpouse of this article is to elaborate how the foreigners who visited Poland during the 18th century described the religious life of the Polish nobility. The author analyses travel journals written by Johann Joseph Kausch, Johann Erich Biester, Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, William Coxe, Nathaniel William Wraxall, Joseph Marshall and James Harris. It is shown that the foreigners accused Polish nobles of bigotry and superficial religiousness. Moreover, they criticised the theatralisation of the Christian liturgy in Poland, although after the Council of Trident it was a common phenomenon in Europe. It is also proven that the foreigners demonstrated their indifferent attitude towards the idea of Poland as "antemurale christianitatis" and blamed the members of the Bar Confederation for cruelty and religious fanaticism. In conclusion, it is said that the foreigners created a false, simplified description of Sarmatian religiousness. The main reason of that was their general lack of understanding of Polish culture and mentality.
- PozycjaRękopiśmienne wierszowane litteraria od średniowiecza do końca XVIII wieku w zbiorach benedyktynek sandomierskich. Część pierwsza: pieśni z kancjonału L 1642(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Trościński, GrzegorzThe object of interest is a description of manuscript L 1642 which belongs to the Diocesan Library in Sandomierz. This manuscript is a Hymnal, which was written in 1721 and it belonged to the Benedictine Sisters in Sandomierz. The material includes medieval European and Polish 16th and 17th century liturgical and paraliturgical songs. The texts in the manuscript are written in Latin and Polish. The Hymnal contains carols, the Advent, Easter and Passion songs among others; there are 77 works in total and only one has no musical notes (its text is written at the end of the manuscript). Most works are known and correspond with the content of other hymnals, e.g. the ones that belonged to the Benedictine Sisters in Staniątki, the Carmelite Sisters in Kraków, and the Clarisse Sisters in Gniezno. There are also some songs in Walenty Bartoszewski’s ("Parthenomelica albo Pienia nabożne o Pannie Najświętszej", 1613) and Stanisław Serafin Jagodyński’s works ("Pieśni katolickie nowo reformowane", 1638). The Hymnal is compiled by Anna Stogniewówna or, according to Magdalena Walter-Mazur, by Zofia Bratysiewiczówna. The manuscript is an interesting source of the known literary and musical culture of the Benedictine Sisters in Sandomierz. It also shows the popularity of these religious works. The Hymnal also contains some unknown versions of songs.
- PozycjaInterpretacja projekcyjna. Prusowska lektura "Zdań i uwag" Adama Mickiewicza(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Ławski, JarosławThe article focuses on the interpretation of selected aphorisms of the Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855) made by Bolesław Prus (1847–1912), a prose writer and representative of realism in Polish post-Romantic literature. Prus interpreted religious, sometimes almost mystical, aphorisms as commendation of hard work, activism, and as a manifesto of practical ethics. Inspired by the mystical thoughts of Angelus Silesius, Jacob Boehme and Saint-Martin, Mickiewicz’s aphorisms are perceived as exceptionally ambiguous. Prus, however, projected his own literary and philosophical mindset onto the micro-texts of the Romantic poet, and as a consequence oversimplified their meaning. What he did is here called a projecting interpretation.
- PozycjaWprowadzenie. Czterysta pięćdziesiąte „urodziny” Biblii Brzeskiej – i co dalej?(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Walecki, WacławI participated, together with my doctoral students, in an academic conference held in Brest at the end of May 2013 and dedicated to the publication anniversary of the Brest Bible that was printed in that town. My speech – as befitted the plenary session – was conceived as a general introduction to the conference part focused on the subject matter. I introduced the matter generally, but the selected topics were elaborated upon in detail by the aforementioned group of my younger colleagues. We are pleased to present their papers in the topic-oriented block below. I was also requested by the Organisers to summarise the ”celebration” of the 450th anniversary of its publication and to outline a plan for further studies on the Brest Bible, wherein I emphasized that the studies should be continued not only by the Polish academic community, but, considering the nature of the subject matter, also by contemporary Belarusian, Lithuanian and Ukrainian researchers within the scopes of their respective competences.
- PozycjaObrazy biczowania Chrystusa w wybranych mesjadach pasyjnych z XVII wieku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Drożdżewicz, MonikaMy paper addresses the ways of presenting the Passion of Christ in the 17th century Polish passion messiads. Concentrating on the images of the flagellation of Christ in the narrative poems of Kasper Miaskowski, Abraham Rożniatowski, Wacław Potocki and Wespazjan Kochowski, I analyze the relation of the motifs used by them to the exegetic, the mystic, and the apocryphal traditions. Respectful of their original context, my interpretation of the fragments is supported by a thorough analysis of their structure and use of rhetoric devices. My research allows me to conclude that in order to approach the mysteries of faith, the authors of the messiads used symbolic language as a living faith tradition.
- PozycjaJan Alan Bardziński – dominikanin, kaznodzieja, tłumacz. Próba nakreślenia sylwetki twórczej(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Rusnak, RadosławThe article casts light on a poorly known and rarely appreciated figure of a late-Baroque Dominican, keen preacher and devoted translator of both laic and religious texts, Jan Alan Bardziński. The author firmly states that Bardziński’s literary activity remains strongly connected to his multiple duties as a monk as one of the main values he searches for in his readings is a didactic one. Nevertheless he certainly can be defined as a consistent adapter of some renowned ancient works as well, which puts him among other 17th and 18th century followers of the humanistic and classicist traditions and enables us to rank high his erudition and philological preparation. The essay makes a brief survey of his works, describing their content and underlining some important notes given by the translator himself regarding his goals and prorities. Some general observations on the characteristics of his texts are made and the question of integrity or disintegrity of his literary production is highlighted as well.
- PozycjaZaproszenie do publikacji w piątym numerze „Tematów i Kontekstów” pt. "Polska proza nowa i najnowsza"(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Pasterska, JolantaThis is to announce the content of the next issue of “Tematy i Konteksty”, which was given the title “The New and the Latest Polish Prose”.
- PozycjaOlimp i Polska. Religia w "Stefanie Czarnieckim" Kajetana Koźmiana(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Zabielski, ŁukaszKajetan Koźmian (1771-1856) is a representative of the 19th century classicism called post-partition or Warsaw classicism. Similarly to other Polish and European poets, he made an attempt to create a national epic. His work titled "Stefan Czarniecki" is considered to be the first national epic. It was published in 1858 in Poznań. This monumental poem has 500 pages and almost 13 thousand verses. This ambitious classic writer from Piotrowice aspired to become a national poet. He desired to follow two masters of literature, namely Virgil and Horace. Frankly, I think that Koźmian failed. He could not write a national epic and remain faithful to his ancient idols at the same time. This article analyses the reasons for this fiasco. Generally, they are the antinomies between Christian beliefs on the one hand, and Greek and Roman mythologies on the other.
- PozycjaNa marginesie edycji Baldego(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Pieczyński, MaciejTwo early modern Polish translations of “Poema de vanitate mundi” by Jakob Balde edited by Maria Kozłowska is an important publication from the perspective of research into Baroque religious poetry, especially the Saxon times. The popularity of Balde’s poem in late Baroque can be seen not only in its subsequent editions, but also in the references to it in the works of the contemporary religious poets, including Dominik Rudnicki and Karol Mikołaj Juniewicz. In the introduction to this edition the author presents Balde as a Jesuit poet, who subordinates his writing to didactic and moralistic objectives, but at the same time strives to engage the reader’s senses, following the principles of Ignatian meditation.
- PozycjaTwórczość Jakuba Suszy. Kartka z dziejów literatury unickiej w Rzeczypospolitej XVII wieku(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014) Pawlak, WiesławThe article presents the writings of Jakub Susza (c. 1610–1687), the Uniate Bishop of Chełm in 1652–1687. His most important works: the Latin biographies of Josaphat Kuntsevych ("Cursus vitae et certamen martyrii b. Iosaphat Kuncevicii...", Rome 1665) and Meletius Smotrytsky ("Saulus et Paulus Ruthenae Unionis sanguine beati Iosaphat transformatus sive Meletius Smotriscius...", Rome 1666) and a history of the revered icon of Our Lady of Chełm ("Phoenix redivivus albo obraz starożytny chełmski Panny i Matki Przenajświętszej", Zamość 1646, Lvov 1653, Zamość 1694), all represent little known literature written within the Uniate Church. Jakub Susza’s intellectual development, his education in Jesuit colleges in Braniewo, Pułtusk and Olomouc, and the characteristics of his work (consistent use of Polish and Latin as literary languages, the use of western Latin and Polish literary models) contribute to his image as an example of latinization and occidentalization (which then meant polonization) of higher Uniate clergy in the Commonwealth, though as a bishop he took care to preserve the religious identity of the Eastern church.
- PozycjaContents(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2014)
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