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- PozycjaLiterary Narratives on Collections(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Skorupa, EwaThe article deals with collections and collecting as a literary theme. Research on this issue should be undertaken by literary scholars, as collections support the features of literary characters and give protagonists their identity. The work analysed from this angle is “Money” by Andrzej Strug from 1914. It interprets and describes three different collections and three different collectors: the eccentric Lyttons and their museum of stones, Lucy Slazenger’s precious jewellery collection and the art collection of Osias Murway, an enthusiast of antiquities.
- PozycjaProjectional Interpretation: Bolesław Prus’s Reading of „Zdania i uwagi” by Adam Mickiewicz(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Ławski, JarosławThe article focuses on the interpretation of selected aphorisms of the Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855) provided by Bolesław Prus (1847–1912), a prose writer and a representative of realism in Polish post-Romantic literature. Prus interpreted religious, sometimes almost mystical, aphorisms as commendation of hard work, activism, and as a manifesto of practical ethics. Inspired by the mystical thoughts of Angelus Silesius, Jakob Böhme and Saint-Martin, Mickiewicz’s aphorisms are perceived as exceptionally ambiguous. Prus, however, projected his own literary and philosophical mindset onto the micro-texts of the Romantic poet and, in consequence, oversimplified their meaning. What he did is here called a projectional interpretation.
- Pozycja“The Last One Turns the Light off”. Polish Prose after the Year 2000 in the Context of EU Migration(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Nęcka, AgnieszkaThis article focuses on the emigration/migration issue depicted in Polish literature written after the year 2000. The examples discussed prove that we are dealing with two variants in the depiction of emigrants’ experience. On the one hand, we can talk about a positive pattern where emigration is treated as an adventure, perceived as breaking free from the existing obligations and imposed rigours. On the other hand, one may find several negative patterns, in which emigration is a necessary evil. The author notices a clear gender difference in the presentation of the emigrant experience: male narratives tend to be more depressing, presenting the protagonists as degenerated and humiliated, while female authors drift towards “chick lit,” depicting their protagonists as developing professionally and emotionally.
- PozycjaA Creator’s Illness as a Source of Memory and Forgetting: Selected Examples(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Darska, BernadettaIn the present article I examine autobiographical works in which writers reveal their illnesses. I am interested not so much in the description of a given ailment, but rather in the embroilment resulting from being ill and from the persistent conflict between memory and forgetting. Becoming aware of the illness turns out to be a critical point, forcing the writers to re-evaluate their own lives. Consequently, memory and forgetting assume a new status. I also attempt to juxtapose the universal nature of being ill and the intimacy of this experience; I point out the similarities and differences involved in dealing with illnesses, the common denominator of which seems to be the necessity of confronting the limits of memory and the expansiveness of forgetting.
- PozycjaBede the Venerable in Polish Religious Prose of the 16th –18th Centuries(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Puchalska-Dąbrowska, Bernadetta M.The aim of the article is to introduce Bede the Venerable as a role model present in Polish religious prose of the 16th–18th centuries. The sources under discussion are mainly collections of the lives of saints. The profile of Bede, shown as a perfect Benedictine monk, scholar and priest, is inspired by the earliest biographical Anglo-Saxon sources (e.g. Bede’s autobiography and Cuthbert’s letter concerning his death). Polish hagiography, following the directions of the Trent Council, aims at emphasising Bede’s qualities required from the clergy at that time – in-depth spiritual life, thorough knowledge, respect towards authorities, and teaching skills.
- PozycjaThe Novel as Third Space in the Struggle for One’s Own Place: Witold Gombrowicz’s Hidden Polemic with German Literature in „Pornografia”(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Gall, AlfredThis paper deals with Gombrowicz’s novel „Pornografia” which can be interpreted as a third space where different literary discourses and philosophical concepts are interwoven. In this respect two German authors deserve special attention: Thomas Mann and Friedrich Nietzsche. It is the aim of this article to show to what extent Gombrowicz refers to the writings of these two authors in his attempt to establish himself as an important writer during his exile in Argentina. The novel „Pornografia” works in this respect as a sphere of interferences and a space of emerging hybridity, where Gombrowicz creates a special textuality consisting of hidden references to and even polemic with both Mann and Nietzsche. The notion of conflict is thus applicable in the description of Gombrowicz’s literary practice in this novel.
- PozycjaFortune-telling Predictions in the Light of Faith and Reason. Religious Aspects of „Informacya matematyczna” by Wojciech Bystrzonowski(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Raubo, GrzegorzThis article is focused on the criticism of the prophecies presented by Wojciech Bystrzonowski, an encyclopaedist and populariser of science, in his work „Informacya matematyczna” [Mathematical Information] (1743, 1749). The author discusses prophecies of sorcerers, physiognomy, palmistry, prophetic dreams and astrological predictions. He examines the cases of magical practices combined with religious beliefs, which he regards as dangerous manifestations of superstition. He also demonstrates that fortune-telling cannot be compatible with faith or the fundamental principles of rational reasoning. Furthermore, he emphasizes that for a critical evaluation of such predictions, the Jesuit rules for the discernment of spirits can be applied. The issues addressed in Bystrzonowski’s work are characteristic of the atmosphere of the intellectual change that took place in late Baroque and early Enlightenment.
- PozycjaPoetics Then and Now(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kostkiewiczowa, TeresaThe meaning of the word “poetics,” as derived from Aristotle’s understanding given in Poetics, points to the ways of creating verbal works, their components and connections as well as the formation of utterances. Poetics presents a fundamental set of terms referring to a literary work, which are still used and, in fact, are indispensable in all areas of contemporary literary, as well as cultural studies. Due to the changes in the field of literature itself, this set of terms and notions is constantly being updated, and it is still open in terms of both its components and their senses. It constitutes a conceptual framework, some elements of which are universal and operational in nature, and some connected with a particular cognitive horizon and a certain way of perceiving and understanding literature. Poetics is not a permanent theoretical model of literariness, nor is it a set of instructions determining the interpretation of a literary work. It aims at establishing certain testable tools which are indispensable not only in literary studies, but also in studying all other forms having a semiotic content (intersemiotic poetics). For this reason, certain basic terms and notions applied in poetics can be seen as important epistemological categories through which the human mind perceives the world.
- PozycjaLoneliness over a Piece of Paper. Maria Dąbrowska as an Epistolographer(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Głębicka, EwaThe article discusses Maria Dąbrowska’s vast correspondence, which complete, in a way, her „Dzienniki” [Journals] , constituting very valuable biographical material, so far published only in selected fragments. Among many of her sets of letters, the most interesting ones are those exchanged with her husband, Marian Dąbrowski, her partner, Stanisław Stempowski, and later on with his son, Jerzy, as well as with her very close friend and partner, Anna Kowalska. This article discusses the most important sets of letters from and to Dąbrowska, indicating their historical value and biographical significance.
- PozycjaContact and Conflict: Polish-Jewish Contact Zone(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Prokop-Janiec, EugeniaThe article suggests using the category of the contact zone adopted from postcolonial studies in research on borderland, which - in turn - allows researchers to describe the phenomenon of the frontier. According to Pratt, contact zone may be understood as the space of cooperation and competition, coexistence and antagonism, contact and conflict of groups. The aim of the article is to analyse the representations of borderland in Polish-Jewish prose of the 1930s (including the novels published in the mass-circulation press). We shall focus on the motives that stand behind the conflictive communication. It is worth noting that in the literary renditions, interactions between Poles and Jews easily transform into conflicts. Conflictive communication appears in various places (e.g. school, street, neighbourhood), forms (nicknames, arguments, pogrom cries) and functions (from initiating and escalating tensions to riots and murders). As a result, the contact zone transforms into a conflict zone.
- PozycjaPius Vates(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Borowski, AndrzejThe question dealt with in the paper is as follows: to what extent might the notion of “religious literature” be functional if applied both to the early modern literature and the contemporary literary culture? Does it mean “sacred literature,” simply opposed to the “secular” one, whatever it might mean? The author’s suggestion is to use the notion of “religious literature” more consistently, depending strictly on the liturgical functions of the text (e.g. of prayers, hymns or homilies), while the term “sacred literature” should be used only with reference to the so-called “Sacred Books,” i.e. the Revelation recognized in a given religious system. The sense of the terms “pious literature” or “pious poet,” however, should be much broader, going beyond the limitations of religious functions of the text and reflecting a quasi-prophetic intellectual and moral status of the writer.
- PozycjaThe Image of the United States in the Published Correspondence of Czesław Miłosz Written Between 1945 and 1950(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kołodziejczyk, EwaThe article discusses the image of the United States depicted in Czesław Miłosz’s correspondence coming from the years 1945-1950. The author of the article refers to the circumstances that led the poet to taking up a job as a diplomat and analyses a variety of opinions on that decision circulating among both Polish and émigré writers. The letters discussed reflect the culture shock and the slow process of acclimatization that the poet went through; his way of perceiving and trying to understand America. The article also focuses on the role Miłosz played as a mediator between the Old and the New Worlds, translating American literature into Polish and trying to popularize Polish culture in the US.
- PozycjaNotes about Czerniawski(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kisiel, MarianThe article constitutes a collection of notes related to the lesser known and rarely commented works by an émigré writer – Adam Czerniawski: his poems translated into English, short texts of literary criticism, short novels and his memoirs. Modern Polish prose is still frequently treated as a ciphertext, of interest only to a limited number of readers who revel in this labyrinth of thoughts. It may seem that at the end of the 20th century – a period so involved in the debate about the traditional understanding of literature – avant-garde variants of prose should be understandable for everyone or, at least, that literary criticism would assign them to the appropriate level in the hierarchy of modern forms. However, the situation turned out to be different. The prose model imposed by Positivism still remains predominant in the habits and tastes of both literary critics and readers, and only recently has this model been questioned. As a result, the short novels by Czerniawski have not yet been sufficiently analysed. Reminiscent of Gombrowicz, these texts can be seen as absolute stories. The feature of absoluteness is visible at all their levels: origin, narration, reading. Everything is possible, yet nothing is accidental or random. However, limiting these narratives to only avant-garde rules would, without a doubt, distort their sense. Czerniawski’s prose also uses the infinite potential of the grotesque, plays with its own language, thus making it into an undoubtedly philosophical Ding an sich. The prose was also written in order to face traditional sanctities such as, for instance, the incorrigible “Polishness” that glorifies old symbols and sees a divine influence in them. Finally, Czerniawski’s prose is based on the “common sense” that can be found in numerous amusing contexts of the surrounding world.
- Pozycja“This Emigrant Fate of His”: On Włodzimierz Odojewski’s Short Story Collection „…i poniosły konie"(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Dutka, ElżbietaWłodzimierz Odojewski is one of the most famous émigré writers who still deals with the topic of emigration, even in his books published long after his both symbolic and real return to the homeland. Significant extension and dwelling on the said topic can be observed in the book „…i poniosły koine” […and the horses bolted]. The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of the short stories gathered in the volume (published in 2006) from the perspective of the biographical context, the rest of Odojewski’s writings, as well as his opinions on various aspects of exile. Such interpretation reveals a more existential and internalized dimension of emigration but also its universal meanings. Thus, emigration is considered to be a metaphor of human fate.
- PozycjaThe Writings of Jakub Susza (Jacob Susha). A Page from the History of Uniate Literature in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th Century(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Pawlak, WiesławThe article presents the writings of Jakub Susza (Jacob Susha, c. 1610– 1687), the Uniate bishop of Chełm 1652–1687. His most important works: the Latin biographies of Josaphat Kuntsevych (Cursus vitae et certamen martyrii b. Iosaphat Kuncevicii..., Rome 1665) and Meletius Smotrytsky (Saulus et Paulus Ruthenae Unionis sanguine beati Iosaphat transformatus sive Meletius Smotriscius..., Rome 1666) and the history of the revered icon of Our Lady of Chełm (Phoenix redivivus albo obraz starożytny chełmski Panny i Matki Przenajświętszej, Zamość 1646, Lvov 1653, Zamość 1694), all represent little-known literature written within the Uniate Church. Jakub Susza’s intellectual development, his education in Jesuit colleges in Braniewo, Pultusk and Olomouc, and the characteristic features of his works (the consistent use of Polish and Latin as literary languages, the use of western Latin and Polish literary models) contribute to his image as an example of latinisation and occidentalisation (which at that time meant polonisation) of higher Uniate clergy in the Commonwealth, though as a bishop he took care to preserve the religious identity of the Eastern church.
- PozycjaThe First Compendium – on the 10th Anniversary of the Foundation of „Tematy i Konteksty”(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Pasterska, Jolanta; Rokosz, Elżbieta; Stanisz, MarekA Selection of the Decade is a special issue of „Tematy i Konteksty”, a literary studies journal which has been published in Poland since 2011. This special issue is a collection of articles that were published in Polish in former issues of the journal and have now been translated into English to reach English-speaking readers.
- PozycjaTypographical Variants of the “Brest Bible”(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Siess-Krzyszkowski, StanisławThe issue that is the main focus of this paper has not been of great interest to bibliology scholars. Even though one version of the “Brest Bible”, marked as B, was described quite thoroughly by Feliks Bentkowski already two hundred years ago, the catalogue descriptions have until today been based upon the scheme formulated by Karol Estreicher (senior). He identified three versions of the “Brest Bible”, which differ only in the title page. The fact is that there are only two versions, A and B, in existence, which differ in the first gathering (*) or (very rarely) in the first two gatherings (*, **). The gatherings of version B were established to have been printed in the 1580s or 1590s in Jan Karcan’s press in Vilnius. Apparently, a certain number of the Old Testament gatherings A–Y were typeset and printed in Brest in 1563. There is only one extant complete copy of it with the newly printed gatherings, whereas in the remaining dozen or so copies that have survived it is only one, or rarely, two gatherings, and sometimes only single leaves. The search for versions of the Bible also made it possible to compile a list of 135 copies of the “Brest Bible” stored today in public, monastic and church collections in Europe and North America.
- PozycjaEditorial Note(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020)
- PozycjaThe Afterlife of Poetics(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Korwin-Piotrowska, DorotaThe article presents contemporary debates concerning poetics, the heritage of structuralism as well as new research areas. It presents some of the fundamental arguments against poetics in its traditional sense and attempts to analyse and problematize them. In conclusion, the author postulates adopting a changed attitude towards the current terminology, including practical aspects in the study of poetics and also maintaining a multidimensional development of the discipline.
- PozycjaThe Topos of Childhood in Modern Poetry (1939–1989)(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Mielhorski, RobertThe paper problematises the literary image of childhood in poetry in relation to external historical and socio-political events. The material analysed covers Polish poetry from 1939 – 1989 (a clearly distinguished segment of the historical-literary process). The choice and ordering of the case studies results from the application of two research paradigms: (i) the paradigm concerned with autobiographical motifs, which refers to such topics of 20th century writings as exile (poetry of return by Łobodowski, Wierzyński etc.) immigration (nostalgic [pansentimentalism] and emotionally neutral motifs), Holocaust (motifs of fear, division between now and then, the role of imagination) and (ii) a generation-related paradigm, which allows us to follow the topos of childhood viewed from the perspective of history according to the order of generations entering Polish literature (from the 1920 Generation to the New Wave Groups) up to the succession of consecutive literary trends in the second half of the 20th century (e.g. soc-realism and soc-plans). Poetic texts concerning childhood in the light of history are viewed as records of “rites of passage” operating from the child’s phase of the pre-personalisation area – the child’s sense of being one with the world, experiencing the harmony of being – to the period of personalisation – when history leaves its mark on this period; characterised by the sense of one’s distinctiveness from reality, individual alienation, the need for rationalisation of one’s own existence and the existence of the surrounding reality. The role of history is to lead the child from the pre-personalistic period to the experience of personalisation.