Polityka i Społeczeństwo nr 1(14)/2016
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- PozycjaSprawozdanie z działalności Koła Naukowego Politologów Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego w roku akademickim 2013/2014(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Piękoś, Karol
- PozycjaMiejsce i rola Polskiego Związku Katolicko-Społecznego w rzeczywistości społeczno-politycznej lat osiemdziesiątych w Polsce – problem opozycyjności koncesjonowanej(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Tasak, AgataThe main subject of the analysis was the activity and political concepts of lay Catholics who operated on the Polish political scene in the 1980s. This group of Catholic activists had been active in the public sphere for many years; in the 1980s, they organized themselves in a Polish Catholic-Social Union. This community was not among the most important political parties of the then political system; it was not a major factor stabilizing the system or a major source of change. Nevertheless, it did have a prominent feature – it had a parliamentary representation and participated in political practice; it also had a limited impact on political decisions. The main motive of their actions was to promote Catholic values in the public sphere, but also an attempt to create a Catholic party, in the right circumstances. Still, there is a disagreement, both among researchers and actors of the political scene of the time, about the clear-cut assessment of their political commitment. Nonetheless, it probably can be said that their attitudes are within the concept of “semi-opposition” and “paralegal opposition”, and, to some extent, in what we understand by the term of “opposition of value systems”.
- PozycjaOpozycja wewnątrzpartyjna w Socjaldemokratycznej Partii Niemiec w latach 1980–1982(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Świder, MałgorzataAt the beginning of the 1980s a very serious internal conflict within the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) appeared, which was played out on a few levels. The first one was the personal level, the second one was the program and ideology level. Both levels, especially in 1981 and in 1982 started to penetrate the strengthening the conflict and the signs of intra-party breakup, and revealing the views and actions of SPD party members, being in open opposition to the official policy of the social liberal government and the social democratic chancellor. Having entered opposition, the party adjusted the party program from above to the expectations of its members and its electorate, taking over a part of the intra-party opposition program (of the so-called left-wing of the party).
- PozycjaNiektóre problemy związane z opozycją polityczną(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Machelski, ZbigniewThe opposition is an institution of the political regime, whose essential function is to allow alternation of power. According to the political scientist, it is a phenomenon from the sphere of governance, where different imperious and subordinate entities are in a relationship with partially common goals and partly contradictory, but remain always mutually dependent. The importance of the political opposition depends not only on the adopted institutional solutions, but primarily the political culture. Just as every society has the government it deserves, by analogy, the same is also true of the opposition.
- PozycjaUdział opozycji w realizacji funkcji ustawodawczej w Sejmie VII kadencji(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Łabędź, KrzysztofThe text describes parliamentary opposition participation in the legislative activity of the Sejm of the 7th term. An attempt has been made to answer the question, to what extent the opposition had an impact on the shape of legislation and whether it really could benefit from existing opportunities. The analysis has been based primarily on quantitative indicators illustrating the method of voting of opposition groupings on draft laws prepared by the government and MPs of the ruling coalition. As a result, there have been obtained patterns of the most common voting methods of opposition groupings and data that allow ordering them from the most to the least opposition. In addition, another conclusion is the fact that in the majority of cases, the majority of votes of the ruling coalition was ultimately decisive.
- PozycjaOcena działań opozycji parlamentarnej z punktu widzenia polityki prawa. Analiza zjawiska kontrprojektów ustaw(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Zyzik, RadosławThe parliamentary opposition is regarded as both positive and necessary for the existence of a democratic political system. Opposition, in addition to legislative and control purposes in relation to the ruling party, has its primary objective, which is to win the next elections. So the question arises of the means of undermining the endorsement for the ruling party, of which at least some are related to the politicization of legislative procedures. The article analyzes the phenomenon of the legislative counter-proposals, which are an example of the politicization of legislation, understood as a breach of the rules and good practices of legislation in order to achieve political goals. The analysis will be carried out from a perspective of scientific legal policy, the discipline belonging to legal sciences involved in the establishment and development of conditions for the efficient creation and application of the law.
- PozycjaCzy istniała instytucja opozycji politycznej w demokracji bezpośredniej? (Ana-liza demokracji ateńskiej i republiki rzymskiej)(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Nieć, MateuszThe article, based on works Ancient historian and Classicists, presents direct democracy in the Ancient World. The author is looking for an example institution of oppositions in contemporary political system, especially the electoral system. In his opinion, the institution of oppositions was hidden within the electoral systems of Athens and Rome.
- PozycjaOpozycyjna rola nowych mediów w okresie postmodernizacyjnym(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Lakomy, MirosławThe article is an attempt to describe civilizational changes taking place in the world in the context of the increasing role of the Internet, new media and postmodernism. According to the thesis of Manuel Castells and Ulrich Beck many of the existing concepts typical for the period of modernization must be redefined, characterized by the dominance of the mass media. In this context, it refers to the new meanings of such terms as state government or the opposition, which gained globalized importance, as the cosmopolitan state referred to by the U. Beck.
- PozycjaKomunistyczna Partia Czech i Moraw – skuteczne połączenie protestu socjalnego i nacjonalistycznego(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Kubát, MichalCommunist parties are generally associated with proletarian internationalism. However, some communist parties have a double “face” – an internationalist one and nationalist one. Present-day Czech communists successfully build on this tactic. My article will answer the following research questions: What causes the strong nationalist orientation of contemporary Czech communists? What type of nationalism does it represent? And is the outlined continuity between the interwar period and the present-day accidental or is it (at least partly) caused by certain objective political and/or social factors?
- PozycjaRuchy społeczne. Pomiędzy oporem i opozycją?(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Foryś, GrzegorzThe paper attempts to find the answer to a question for the opposition nature of social movements. The main question is: can we call social movements the opposition? If yes, are all types of movements deserving of this name? Consequently, issues of this paper are regarding the non-institutional politics which is becoming at present more and more significant. Used argumentation in the paper allows for the formulation of the statement that in accepting the appropriate definition of both politics and a social movement, we can treat every social movement as an entity belonging to the institutional politics; an entity which meets the conditions of being an opposition. This statement is trying to meet contemporary understanding the politics, and is a response to the ongoing changes in the womb of democratic systems.
- PozycjaInstytucjonalizacja opozycji politycznej we władzach gminy(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Kotarba, BogusławThe phenomenon of opposition is the easiest to notice and most frequently analysed at the national, parliamentary-government level. However, it is also to be met at lower levels of power, for example in local, regional authorities. Among those we can distinguish communes, not least because of the monocratic executive body, elected in a direct way. The article analyzes the current institutional and legal solutions as well as the actual ones, which have a significant impact on the development and institutionalization of the opposition at the lowest level of regional authorities. The analysis confirmed the accepted thesis, according to which the existing constitutional arrangements for the municipalities in Poland are not conducive to the formation of the opposition in local authorities and their adverse impact is reinforced by the specific conditions of local governments.
- Pozycja„Demokracja lokalna w państwach Europy”, red. Izolda Bokszczanin, Andżelika Mirska, Dom Wydawniczy ,,Elipsa”, Warszawa 2014, 370 ss.(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Piasecki, Andrzej
- PozycjaWprowadzenie do dyskusji nad koncepcją opozycji politycznej(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Pałecki, KrzysztofAfter the adoption of the understanding of political power as a game of social agency in a politically organized community, the author states that the scope of the subjectivity of both sides of power relations is variable, but the subjectivity of subordinates cannot be completely reduced. He defines political opposition as a normatively regulated and institutionally realized right to resist power entities.
- PozycjaKrytyka polityki gospodarczej koalicji PO-PSL w „Gazecie Wyborczej” (2007–2015)(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2016) Litwin, Tomasz“Gazeta Wyborcza”, founded in 1989, still remains the most important opinion making daily paper in Poland. In its articles it represents liberal opinions concerning social and economic policy. Although “Gazeta Wyborcza” was the main medial opponent of PiS (the largest oppositional party in Poland in the period discussed in this article), it also criticised the then governing PO-PSL coalition, especially with respect to its economic policy. This critical approach was in general inspired by liberal doctrine. The main subjects of the criticism concerning the economic policy of the PO-PSL coalition in the years 2007–2015 included a lack of support of Poland’s accession to the Euro Zone, slow privatisation, maintaining the position of privileged groups in the society (farmers, miners), lack of restructurisation of the coal mining industry as well as the reduction and transfer of superannuation funds from the so-called second pillar of the pension system to ZUS.