Tematy i Konteksty nr specjalny 1(2020)

URI dla tej Kolekcjihttp://repozytorium.ur.edu.pl/handle/item/6047

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The First Compendium – on the 10th Anniversary of the Foundation of „Tematy i Konteksty”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Pasterska, Jolanta; Rokosz, Elżbieta; Stanisz, Marek
A Selection of the Decade is a special issue of „Tematy i Konteksty”, a literary studies journal which has been published in Poland since 2011. This special issue is a collection of articles that were published in Polish in former issues of the journal and have now been translated into English to reach English-speaking readers.
Bibliographic Information
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020)
Editorial Note
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020)
The Afterlife of Poetics
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Korwin-Piotrowska, Dorota
The article presents contemporary debates concerning poetics, the heritage of structuralism as well as new research areas. It presents some of the fundamental arguments against poetics in its traditional sense and attempts to analyse and problematize them. In conclusion, the author postulates adopting a changed attitude towards the current terminology, including practical aspects in the study of poetics and also maintaining a multidimensional development of the discipline.
Poetics Then and Now
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kostkiewiczowa, Teresa
The meaning of the word “poetics,” as derived from Aristotle’s understanding given in Poetics, points to the ways of creating verbal works, their components and connections as well as the formation of utterances. Poetics presents a fundamental set of terms referring to a literary work, which are still used and, in fact, are indispensable in all areas of contemporary literary, as well as cultural studies. Due to the changes in the field of literature itself, this set of terms and notions is constantly being updated, and it is still open in terms of both its components and their senses. It constitutes a conceptual framework, some elements of which are universal and operational in nature, and some connected with a particular cognitive horizon and a certain way of perceiving and understanding literature. Poetics is not a permanent theoretical model of literariness, nor is it a set of instructions determining the interpretation of a literary work. It aims at establishing certain testable tools which are indispensable not only in literary studies, but also in studying all other forms having a semiotic content (intersemiotic poetics). For this reason, certain basic terms and notions applied in poetics can be seen as important epistemological categories through which the human mind perceives the world.
Poetics and e-literature
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Winiecka, Elżbieta
Following the development of e-literature and the state of research on the subject both in Poland and abroad, the author attempts to outline research perspectives for e-poetics. This discipline, barely over twenty years old, concerns the study of literary texts that are created with the use of digital technologies. Hypertextual works available online and via digital carriers are characterized by intermediality and interactivity, and they differ from printed literature in that computers are indispensable tools for their creation, existence and reception. What are the consequences of this change of medium for literature, its structure, the process of communication with the reader and the interpretative possibilities? How can one describe the relationship between the old and the new form of a literary text? Finally, why is it important to introduce research on electronic literature into academic education?
Pius Vates
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Borowski, Andrzej
The question dealt with in the paper is as follows: to what extent might the notion of “religious literature” be functional if applied both to the early modern literature and the contemporary literary culture? Does it mean “sacred literature,” simply opposed to the “secular” one, whatever it might mean? The author’s suggestion is to use the notion of “religious literature” more consistently, depending strictly on the liturgical functions of the text (e.g. of prayers, hymns or homilies), while the term “sacred literature” should be used only with reference to the so-called “Sacred Books,” i.e. the Revelation recognized in a given religious system. The sense of the terms “pious literature” or “pious poet,” however, should be much broader, going beyond the limitations of religious functions of the text and reflecting a quasi-prophetic intellectual and moral status of the writer.
Typographical Variants of the “Brest Bible”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Siess-Krzyszkowski, Stanisław
The issue that is the main focus of this paper has not been of great interest to bibliology scholars. Even though one version of the “Brest Bible”, marked as B, was described quite thoroughly by Feliks Bentkowski already two hundred years ago, the catalogue descriptions have until today been based upon the scheme formulated by Karol Estreicher (senior). He identified three versions of the “Brest Bible”, which differ only in the title page. The fact is that there are only two versions, A and B, in existence, which differ in the first gathering (*) or (very rarely) in the first two gatherings (*, **). The gatherings of version B were established to have been printed in the 1580s or 1590s in Jan Karcan’s press in Vilnius. Apparently, a certain number of the Old Testament gatherings A–Y were typeset and printed in Brest in 1563. There is only one extant complete copy of it with the newly printed gatherings, whereas in the remaining dozen or so copies that have survived it is only one, or rarely, two gatherings, and sometimes only single leaves. The search for versions of the Bible also made it possible to compile a list of 135 copies of the “Brest Bible” stored today in public, monastic and church collections in Europe and North America.
Bede the Venerable in Polish Religious Prose of the 16th –18th Centuries
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Puchalska-Dąbrowska, Bernadetta M.
The aim of the article is to introduce Bede the Venerable as a role model present in Polish religious prose of the 16th–18th centuries. The sources under discussion are mainly collections of the lives of saints. The profile of Bede, shown as a perfect Benedictine monk, scholar and priest, is inspired by the earliest biographical Anglo-Saxon sources (e.g. Bede’s autobiography and Cuthbert’s letter concerning his death). Polish hagiography, following the directions of the Trent Council, aims at emphasising Bede’s qualities required from the clergy at that time – in-depth spiritual life, thorough knowledge, respect towards authorities, and teaching skills.
“Bezoar z łez ludzkich czasu powietrza morowego” by Walenty Bartoszewski as an Example of “A Prescription for the Soul and the Body” at the Time of the Plague
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kardasz, Monika
The article is an attempt to interpret a hardly known collection of poems by Walenty Bartoszewski, a Jesuit in Vilnius, published in reaction to the outbreak of the plague in Vilnius in the years 1629–1632, which constitutes the testimony of increased religiousness in the face of an epidemic. In the article, the author of the collection is presented, as well as his poetic oeuvre. Also, a brief description of the social background of those events is given. Then, other texts from the 16th–18th centuries, concerned with the topic of the epidemic are characterized. They include sermons, secular works, religious songs and prayers. The main part of the article is devoted to the interpretation of the collection by Bartoszewski in the context of the most important aspects of the volume „Bezoar z łez ludzkich czasu powietrza morowego” [Bezoar of Human Tears Shed at the Time of the Plague], which include: the manifestation of religiousness at the beginning of the 18th century, the realities of the epidemic depicted in lyrics, the vision of God and Christ, ways of protecting the faithful against the plague, and the intercession of the Mother of God.
Fortune-telling Predictions in the Light of Faith and Reason. Religious Aspects of „Informacya matematyczna” by Wojciech Bystrzonowski
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Raubo, Grzegorz
This article is focused on the criticism of the prophecies presented by Wojciech Bystrzonowski, an encyclopaedist and populariser of science, in his work „Informacya matematyczna” [Mathematical Information] (1743, 1749). The author discusses prophecies of sorcerers, physiognomy, palmistry, prophetic dreams and astrological predictions. He examines the cases of magical practices combined with religious beliefs, which he regards as dangerous manifestations of superstition. He also demonstrates that fortune-telling cannot be compatible with faith or the fundamental principles of rational reasoning. Furthermore, he emphasizes that for a critical evaluation of such predictions, the Jesuit rules for the discernment of spirits can be applied. The issues addressed in Bystrzonowski’s work are characteristic of the atmosphere of the intellectual change that took place in late Baroque and early Enlightenment.
Literary Narratives on Collections
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Skorupa, Ewa
The article deals with collections and collecting as a literary theme. Research on this issue should be undertaken by literary scholars, as collections support the features of literary characters and give protagonists their identity. The work analysed from this angle is “Money” by Andrzej Strug from 1914. It interprets and describes three different collections and three different collectors: the eccentric Lyttons and their museum of stones, Lucy Slazenger’s precious jewellery collection and the art collection of Osias Murway, an enthusiast of antiquities.
Projectional Interpretation: Bolesław Prus’s Reading of „Zdania i uwagi” by Adam Mickiewicz
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Ławski, Jarosław
The article focuses on the interpretation of selected aphorisms of the Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz (1798–1855) provided by Bolesław Prus (1847–1912), a prose writer and a representative of realism in Polish post-Romantic literature. Prus interpreted religious, sometimes almost mystical, aphorisms as commendation of hard work, activism, and as a manifesto of practical ethics. Inspired by the mystical thoughts of Angelus Silesius, Jakob Böhme and Saint-Martin, Mickiewicz’s aphorisms are perceived as exceptionally ambiguous. Prus, however, projected his own literary and philosophical mindset onto the micro-texts of the Romantic poet and, in consequence, oversimplified their meaning. What he did is here called a projectional interpretation.
Contact and Conflict: Polish-Jewish Contact Zone
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Prokop-Janiec, Eugenia
The article suggests using the category of the contact zone adopted from postcolonial studies in research on borderland, which - in turn - allows researchers to describe the phenomenon of the frontier. According to Pratt, contact zone may be understood as the space of cooperation and competition, coexistence and antagonism, contact and conflict of groups. The aim of the article is to analyse the representations of borderland in Polish-Jewish prose of the 1930s (including the novels published in the mass-circulation press). We shall focus on the motives that stand behind the conflictive communication. It is worth noting that in the literary renditions, interactions between Poles and Jews easily transform into conflicts. Conflictive communication appears in various places (e.g. school, street, neighbourhood), forms (nicknames, arguments, pogrom cries) and functions (from initiating and escalating tensions to riots and murders). As a result, the contact zone transforms into a conflict zone.
The Novel as Third Space in the Struggle for One’s Own Place: Witold Gombrowicz’s Hidden Polemic with German Literature in „Pornografia”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Gall, Alfred
This paper deals with Gombrowicz’s novel „Pornografia” which can be interpreted as a third space where different literary discourses and philosophical concepts are interwoven. In this respect two German authors deserve special attention: Thomas Mann and Friedrich Nietzsche. It is the aim of this article to show to what extent Gombrowicz refers to the writings of these two authors in his attempt to establish himself as an important writer during his exile in Argentina. The novel „Pornografia” works in this respect as a sphere of interferences and a space of emerging hybridity, where Gombrowicz creates a special textuality consisting of hidden references to and even polemic with both Mann and Nietzsche. The notion of conflict is thus applicable in the description of Gombrowicz’s literary practice in this novel.
The Image of the United States in the Published Correspondence of Czesław Miłosz Written Between 1945 and 1950
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Kołodziejczyk, Ewa
The article discusses the image of the United States depicted in Czesław Miłosz’s correspondence coming from the years 1945-1950. The author of the article refers to the circumstances that led the poet to taking up a job as a diplomat and analyses a variety of opinions on that decision circulating among both Polish and émigré writers. The letters discussed reflect the culture shock and the slow process of acclimatization that the poet went through; his way of perceiving and trying to understand America. The article also focuses on the role Miłosz played as a mediator between the Old and the New Worlds, translating American literature into Polish and trying to popularize Polish culture in the US.
The Problem of “Polishness” in the London Student Periodicals („Życie Akademickie" – „Kontynenty”)
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Moczkodan, Rafał
Theis article presents the views and opinions expressed in two London periodicals published in the 1950s and 1960s by Polish students living in exile, namely „Życie Akademickie” and „Kontynenty”, focusing on the problem of preservation of “Polishness” among Polish emigrants of the younger generation. In the first part of the text, the views presented, include those of the members of the older generation of emigrants and refugees (e.g. Czesław Miłosz or Witold Gombrowicz), giving advice to the young, as well as of the young themselves (e.g. Wiktor Poznański or Wojciech Gniatczyński). The second part of the article refers to the notion of patriotism and the problem of national vices, which were also subject to a discussion which went on in the émigré press. The aim of the article is to illustrate the discrepancies between the attitudes of two – or even three – generations of Polish emigrants, concerning the issue of Polish national identity.
Homo Holocaustus, or Autobiographical Female Experience of the Holocaust
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Żórawska-Janik, Natalia
The aim of this paper is to present the motif of the Shoah in female autobiographcial prose after the year 2000. The paper shows that, in recent years, more and more female authors in the second and third post-Holocaust generations have been recording their traumatic experience, and that the reason for it lies in the social stigmatization of Jewish people. It is stressed here that the issues of the Holocaust are part and parcel of a cultural taboo and – similarly to female written prose – they are frequently ignored or evaluated negatively. The Holocaust issues are tackled by contemporary young writers of Jewish descent who – contrary to the previous generation authors – have not experienced the mass murder of Jews; nevertheless, they feel its effects today. This paper proves that the research into trauma studies is not really conducted in Poland, and paying attention to a female viewpoint is very rare. The examples referred to in the paper of the autobiographical novels by Ewa Kuryluk, Agata Tuszyńska, Roma Ligocka and Magdalena Tulli demonstrate that this kind of writing is becoming more and more important within the literature focused on the Shoah. Compared to the autobiographical fiction by Marek Bieńczyk, Jan Tomasz Gross and Michał Głowiński, female Holocaust stories are distinguished by their authenticity, emotionality, intimacy and honesty of narration. The stories are devoid of any pathos, and they highlight the figure of a mother. Moreover, their confessions are based on the physical feeling of the legacy which has remained in their hearts and minds after the trauma that their loved ones had to experience. An attempt to describe prose post-Holocaust prose is made in comparison to Jewish literature in Poland, drawing the reader’s attention to the characteristic features of these issues compared to the autobiographical works by men.
A Creator’s Illness as a Source of Memory and Forgetting: Selected Examples
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Darska, Bernadetta
In the present article I examine autobiographical works in which writers reveal their illnesses. I am interested not so much in the description of a given ailment, but rather in the embroilment resulting from being ill and from the persistent conflict between memory and forgetting. Becoming aware of the illness turns out to be a critical point, forcing the writers to re-evaluate their own lives. Consequently, memory and forgetting assume a new status. I also attempt to juxtapose the universal nature of being ill and the intimacy of this experience; I point out the similarities and differences involved in dealing with illnesses, the common denominator of which seems to be the necessity of confronting the limits of memory and the expansiveness of forgetting.
Centenarian “Weird Fiction” from Providence in Contemporary Poland. Translational Models and the Reception of Short Stories by Howard Phillips Lovecraft – the Case Study of “Dagon”
(Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2020) Luboń, Arkadiusz
The article discusses the conventional models and translation techniques, which are most common among the Polish translators of the weird fiction by Howard Phillips Lovecraft. The proposed classification of such models, aimed at either “popularisation,” “stereotypisation” or “revision” of Lovecraft’s short stories, presents the impact of extra-textual factors (vision of the writer, target group of readers, cultural and political influences) on the content, language and style of translated works by the American author. The comparative analysis takes into consideration one of the early short stories by Lovecraft, “Dagon” (1917), and its Polish versions by Arnold Mostowicz (1973), Robert Lipski (1994) and Maciej Płaza (2012).

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