The article summarizes the results from the archaeological excavations in the town of high middle ages in central and eastern Bohemia. The group of excavated towns includes the important settlement agglomerations of early middle ages changed during high middle ages into royal towns (Čáslav and Chrudim) and the newly located royal towns (Polička and Skuteč) and the bishop’s town (Český Brod) and mining town (Kutná Hora) and small market-towns (Hrochův Týnec and Luže). The new pieces of knowledge about town fortifications and about the form and development of town houses and about everyday life were collected during rescue excavations made in last twenty years.